Modified stall-side crossmatch for transfusions in horses.
Abstract: After-hours or out-of-clinic crossmatches are often limited by the lack of access to specialized material and technical expertise. Objective: The goal was to adapt a stall-side crossmatch test for pretransfusion evaluation in horses. Methods: Twelve healthy mares (plasma and blood donors, teaching mares). Methods: In a prospective study, blood from 12 mares was used to compare the results of 132 crossmatches performed with a rapid gel assay to crossmatches performed with a microgel column assay, and with predicted compatibilities based on blood types and detection of antibodies at a reference laboratory (microplate assay). The rapid gel assay protocol for dogs was adapted to decrease the formation of rouleaux that initially precluded equine erythrocytes migration through the gel. Results: There was a good agreement between the rapid gel assay and the microgel assay as well as with the predicted compatibilities (κ > .6 for both). Agreement was higher between the microgel assay and the predicted compatibilities (κ = .8). The rapid gel assay failed to detect 6 predicted Aa incompatibilities (agglutinins-related), 3 of which were also not detected with the microgel assay. Conclusions: Based on these results, the modified rapid gel assay could be useful in settings when access to the microgel assay is not available. Discrepancies between both gel techniques and predicted compatibilities were most often low-grade agglutination, which warrants further investigation to assess their clinical importance.
© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Publication Date: 2019-05-18 PubMed ID: 31102487PubMed Central: PMC6639470DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15519Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Blood
- Clinical Examination
- Clinical Findings
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Comparative Study
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Genetics
- Hematology
- Horses
- In Vivo
- Laboratory Methods
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Practice
- Veterinary Procedure
- Veterinary Research
- Veterinary Science
Summary
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The research article focuses on the adaptation of a stall-side crossmatch test for pretransfusion evaluation in horses. In particular, it seeks to show how the modified rapid gel assay, when compared to the microgel column assay and predicted compatibilities, can be beneficial in situations where access to traditional laboratory tests may be limited.
Objective
The main objective in this study was to adjust a stall-side crossmatch test used in dogs for pretransfusion evaluation in horses. This needs to be done because after-hours or out-of-clinic crossmatches are often challenged by the lack of specific materials and technical expertise.
Methods
- In the process, blood donated by 12 healthy mares was utilized to evaluate the efficacy of 132 crossmatches performed using the rapid gel assay as compared to the results with the microgel column assay.
- The methodologies also incorporated a comparison of these two testing procedures with the predicted compatibility based on blood types and detection of antibodies assessed at a reference laboratory, using a microplate assay.
- The dog-oriented rapid gel assay protocol was adapted to minimize the rouleaux formation that initially hindered the migration of equine erythrocytes through the gel.
Results
- Upon comparison of the modified rapid gel assay with the microgel column assay and predicted compatibilities, there was a credible agreement in the results (κ > .6 for both).
- However, the agreement was considerably higher between the microgel assay and the predicted compatibilities (κ = .8).
- But, the limitation was that the rapid gel assay failed to detect six predicted Aa incompatibilities (agglutinins-related), three of which were also undetected by the microgel assay.
Conclusions
- The modified rapid gel assay signifies considerable potential to be used in situations when the microgel assay is not accessible.
- There were discrepancies between both gel techniques and predicted compatibilities. These were mostly low-grade agglutination, which symbolizes that soaring investigations should be made to understand their clinical importance.
Cite This Article
APA
Casenave P, Leclere M, Beauchamp G, Blais MC.
(2019).
Modified stall-side crossmatch for transfusions in horses.
J Vet Intern Med, 33(4), 1775-1783.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15519 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Clinical Sciences Department, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Q, Canada.
- Clinical Sciences Department, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Q, Canada.
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Q, Canada.
- Clinical Sciences Department, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Q, Canada.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Group Antigens / analysis
- Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / methods
- Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / veterinary
- Blood Transfusion / veterinary
- Female
- Horses / blood
- Prospective Studies
Conflict of Interest Statement
Since the completion of this study, Dr Blais has started a collaboration with DMS laboratories. This collaboration is non‐financial. Funding was provided by the Equine Health Fund from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Université de Montréal, supported by Zoetis. Funding sources did not have any involvement in the study design, data analysis and interpretation, or writing and publication of the manuscript.
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Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Kakoi H, Kikuchi M, Ishige T, Hirosawa Y, Tanaka S, Nagata SI. Monitoring the positive conversion of anti-erythrocyte antibodies in blood transfusion donor horses. J Equine Sci 2023 Jun;34(2):47-49.
- Kakoi H, Kikuchi M, Ishige T, Nagata SI, Hirosawa Y, Tanaka S, Kishinami T. Investigation of erythrocyte antigen frequencies in draft horse populations in Japan to assess blood donor suitability. J Equine Sci 2021 Mar;32(1):17-19.
- Smith JS, Viall AK, Breuer RM, Walton RA, Plummer PJ, Griffith RW, Kreuder AJ. Preliminary Investigation of Bovine Whole Blood Xenotransfusion as a Therapeutic Modality for the Treatment of Anemia in Goats. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:637988.
- Binvel M, Arsenault J, Depré B, Blais MC. Identification of 5 novel feline erythrocyte antigens based on the presence of naturally occurring alloantibodies. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Jan;35(1):234-244.
- Proverbio D, Perego R, Baggiani L, Ferrucci F, Zucca E, Nobile F, Spada E. Prevalence of Ca Blood Type and Alloantibodies in a Population of Horses from Italy. Animals (Basel) 2020 Jul 13;10(7).
- Fenn MS, Bortsie-Aryee AD, Perkins GA, Mann S, Tomlinson JE, Wood EM, Mix SE, Stokol T. Agreement of stall-side and laboratory major crossmatch tests with the reference standard method in horses. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Mar;34(2):941-948.
- DiCiccio VK, Hess RS, Weinstein NM, Fromm S, Gonzalez R, Marryott K, Callan MB. Comparison of Three Feline Crossmatch Methods-Tube, Gel Column, and Immunochromatographic Strip. Vet Clin Pathol 2025 Sep;54(3):230-238.
- Bajon F, Arsenault J, Blais MC. Prevalence of a Novel Immunogenic Feline Erythrocyte Antigen (FEA 6) and Expression Patterns Between FEAs. J Vet Intern Med 2025 May-Jun;39(3):e70094.
- Thomas-Hollands A, Hess RS, Weinstein NM, Fromm S, Chappini NA, Marryott K, Callan MB. Evaluation of post-transfusion RBC alloimmunization in dogs using a gel-column crossmatch with and without anti-canine globulin enhancement. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024 Mar;36(2):213-221.
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