FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Arch Virol / Modulation of the serological response of specific pathogen-...
Archives of virology1993; 132(1-2); 101-120; doi: 10.1007/BF01309846

Modulation of the serological response of specific pathogen-free (EHV-free) foals to EHV-1 by previous infection with EHV-4 or a TK-deletion mutant of EHV-1.

Abstract: EHV-1 was inoculated into specific pathogen-free (SPF) foals in order to study uncomplicated primary responses. Infection resulted in a strong serological response recognizing EHV-1-specific antigens; this contrasts with a previous publication where a weak response was recorded in SPF animals. Antibodies to EHV-1 were readily detected by four techniques (virus neutralization, complement fixation, Western blots and immune precipitation), yet there was comparatively little cross-reaction to EHV-4 target antigen. Re-inoculation with the same virus strain stimulated antibodies to EHV-1 but no additional antigens were recognized and antibodies cross-reacting with EHV-4 antigens were not enhanced. Having characterized the uncomplicated primary response to EHV-1 in SPF foals, further animals were exposed to either EHV-4 or a thymidine kinase-deficient mutant of EHV-1 prior to challenge with w/t EHV-1 to investigate how these infections might modulate the immune responses to EHV-1 or 4. Primary inoculation with EHV-4 or with a thymidine kinase-deficient mutant of EHV-1 produced productive infections as evidenced by virus shedding and pyrexia. In both these cases, however, in contrast to that with w/t EHV-1, the serological response was very weak. Re-infection of foals primed with either EHV-4 or TK-deficient EHV-1 with w/t EHV-1 resulted in a strong response to EHV-1 antigens detected by all four methods. In addition, in the foals given a primary inoculation with EHV-4, superinfection with EHV-1 resulted in a strong cross-reactive response to EHV-4 target antigens. The relevance of these observations to the interpretation of previously reported serological responses to EHVs in SPF and naturally reared animals is discussed.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1993-01-01 PubMed ID: 8394686DOI: 10.1007/BF01309846Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the immune response of pathogen-free foals to the Equine Herpes Virus type 1 (EHV-1), specifically looking at how previous exposure to EHV type 4 or a thymidine kinase-deficient version of EHV-1 impacts the immune response.

Summary of the Study

  • This study focuses on exploring the immune response of specific pathogen-free (SPF) foals when exposed to the Equine Herpes Virus type 1 (EHV-1). SPF foals offer a unique study opportunity as they have not been previously exposed to pathogens and hence have uncomplicated immune responses.
  • The study measured the serological response (the presence of specific antibodies in the blood) to EHV-1 in the SPF foals. The major observations included a robust serological response to EHV-1, which contradicts results from a previous study that noted a weak response in SPF foals. They found that this response was specific to EHV-1, with little cross-reactivity to EHV-4, another strain of the Equine Herpes Virus.

Experimental Design and Outcomes

  • The serological response was measured using four distinct techniques – virus neutralization, complement fixation, Western blots, and immune precipitation. Each method confirmed the presence of antibodies to EHV-1 in the SPF foals after inoculation.
  • Upon re-inoculation of the same virus strain, the study found additional antibodies to EHV-1, with no enhanced cross-reactivity to EHV-4.

Impact of Prior Exposure to EHV-4 and TK-Deficient EHV-1

  • After establishing the primary immune response to EHV-1 in SPF foals, the researchers exposed more animals to EHV-4 or thymidine kinase-deficient mutant of EHV-1 prior to introducing them to EHV-1, aiming to understand how these preliminary infections could alter the immune response to EHV-1 or EHV-4.
  • It was found that primary inoculation with either EHV-4 or thymidine kinase-deficient EHV-1 resulted in an active infection, as evidenced by virus shedding and increased body temperature (pyrexia). However, the serological response was markedly weaker compared to the response to wild type (w/t) EHV-1.
  • Re-exposing the animals primed with EHV-4 or TK-deficient EHV-1 to w/t EHV-1 led to a strong response to EHV-1 antigens, indicating an immune memory response. In addition, in the foals that were initially inoculated with EHV-4, there was also a strong cross-reactive response to EHV-4 target antigens upon EHV-1 superinfection.

Relevance of Findings

  • The results of this study have significant implications for understanding previous serological responses noted in SPF and naturally reared animals, clarifying discrepancies noted in disease patterns and control strategies.
  • The findings can further our understanding of the host-pathogen interaction and immune response in horses, which could potentially provide valuable insights for the development of effective vaccines and disease control measures against EHV infections.

Cite This Article

APA
Tewari D, Gibson JS, Slater JD, O'Neill T, Hannant D, Allen GP, Field HJ. (1993). Modulation of the serological response of specific pathogen-free (EHV-free) foals to EHV-1 by previous infection with EHV-4 or a TK-deletion mutant of EHV-1. Arch Virol, 132(1-2), 101-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01309846

Publication

Archives of virology
ISSN: 0304-8608
NlmUniqueID: 7506870
Country: Austria
Language: English
Volume: 132
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 101-120

Researcher Affiliations

Tewari, D
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, U.K.
Gibson, J S
    Slater, J D
      O'Neill, T
        Hannant, D
          Allen, G P
            Field, H J

              MeSH Terms

              • Animals
              • Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis
              • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
              • Antigens, Viral / immunology
              • Blotting, Western
              • Cell Line
              • Cross Reactions
              • Glycoproteins / immunology
              • Herpesviridae / immunology
              • Herpesviridae Infections / immunology
              • Herpesviridae Infections / microbiology
              • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
              • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / enzymology
              • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
              • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
              • Horse Diseases / immunology
              • Horse Diseases / microbiology
              • Horses
              • Rabbits
              • Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
              • Thymidine Kinase / metabolism

              References

              This article includes 24 references
              1. Chong YC, Duffus WP, Field HJ, Gray DA, Awan AR, O'Brien MA, Lunn DP. The raising of equine colostrum-deprived foals; maintenance and assessment of specific pathogen (EHV-1/4) free status.. Equine Vet J 1991 Mar;23(2):111-5.
                pubmed: 1646103doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02733.xgoogle scholar: lookup
              2. de la Fuente R, Awan AR, Field HJ. The acyclic nucleoside analogue penciclovir is a potent inhibitor of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) in tissue culture and in a murine model.. Antiviral Res 1992 May;18(1):77-89.
                pubmed: 1329646doi: 10.1016/0166-3542(92)90007-rgoogle scholar: lookup
              3. Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.. Nature 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5.
                pubmed: 5432063doi: 10.1038/227680a0google scholar: lookup
              4. Fitzpatrick DR, Studdert MJ. Immunologic relationships between equine herpesvirus type 1 (equine abortion virus) and type 4 (equine rhinopneumonitis virus).. Am J Vet Res 1984 Oct;45(10):1947-52.
                pubmed: 6208822
              5. Allen GP, Bryans JT. Molecular epizootiology, pathogenesis, and prophylaxis of equine herpesvirus-1 infections.. Prog Vet Microbiol Immunol 1986;2:78-144.
                pubmed: 2856183
              6. Bürki F, Rossmanith W, Nowotny N, Pallan C, Möstl K, Lussy H. Viraemia and abortions are not prevented by two commercial equine herpesvirus-1 vaccines after experimental challenge of horses.. Vet Q 1990 Apr;12(2):80-6.
                pubmed: 2163560doi: 10.1080/01652176.1990.9694249google scholar: lookup
              7. Awan AR, Chong YC, Field HJ. The pathogenesis of equine herpesvirus type 1 in the mouse: a new model for studying host responses to the infection.. J Gen Virol 1990 May;71 ( Pt 5):1131-40.
                pubmed: 2161048doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-71-5-1131google scholar: lookup
              8. Browning GF, Bulach DM, Ficorilli N, Roy EA, Thorp BH, Studdert MJ. Latency of equine herpesvirus 4 (equine rhinopneumonitis virus).. Vet Rec 1988 Nov 12;123(20):518-9.
                pubmed: 2849833doi: 10.1136/vr.123.20.518google scholar: lookup
              9. Kit S, Kit M, Pirtle EC. Attenuated properties of thymidine kinase-negative deletion mutant of pseudorabies virus.. Am J Vet Res 1985 Jun;46(6):1359-67.
                pubmed: 2992322
              10. Stokes A, Corteyn AH, Murray PK. Clinical signs and humoral immune response in horses following equine herpesvirus type-1 infection and their susceptibility to equine herpesvirus type-4 challenge.. Res Vet Sci 1991 Sep;51(2):141-8.
                pubmed: 1664967doi: 10.1016/0034-5288(91)90004-8google scholar: lookup
              11. Burrows R, Goodridge D, Denyer MS. Trials of an inactivated equid herpesvirus 1 vaccine: challenge with a subtype 1 virus.. Vet Rec 1984 Apr 14;114(15):369-74.
                pubmed: 6328728doi: 10.1136/vr.114.15.369google scholar: lookup
              12. Gibson JS, O'Neill T, Thackray A, Hannant D, Field HJ. Serological responses of specific pathogen-free foals to equine herpesvirus-1: primary and secondary infection, and reactivation.. Vet Microbiol 1992 Oct;32(3-4):199-214.
                pubmed: 1333670doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(92)90145-jgoogle scholar: lookup
              13. Thomson GR, Mumford JA, Campbell J, Griffiths L, Clapham P. Serological detection of equid herpesvirus 1 infections of the respiratory tract.. Equine Vet J 1976 Apr;8(2):58-65.
                pubmed: 177281doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1976.tb03291.xgoogle scholar: lookup
              14. Kit S, Kit M, McConnell S. Intramuscular and intravaginal vaccination of pregnant cows with thymidine kinase-negative, temperature-resistant infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (bovine herpes virus 1).. Vaccine 1986 Mar;4(1):55-61.
                pubmed: 3008461doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(86)90098-8google scholar: lookup
              15. Edington N, Bridges CG. One way protection between equid herpesvirus 1 and 4 in vivo.. Res Vet Sci 1990 Mar;48(2):235-9.
                pubmed: 2159176
              16. Crabb BS, Studdert MJ. Comparative studies of the proteins of equine herpesviruses 4 and 1 and asinine herpesvirus 3: antibody response of the natural hosts.. J Gen Virol 1990 Sep;71 ( Pt 9):2033-41.
                pubmed: 2170572doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-71-9-2033google scholar: lookup
              17. Cornick J, Martens J, Martens R, Crandell R, McConnell S, Kit S. Safety and efficacy of a thymidine kinase negative equine herpesvirus-1 vaccine in young horses.. Can J Vet Res 1990 Apr;54(2):260-6.
                pubmed: 2162730
              18. Gibson JS, Slater JD, Awan AR, Field HJ. Pathogenesis of equine herpesvirus-1 in specific pathogen-free foals: primary and secondary infections and reactivation.. Arch Virol 1992;123(3-4):351-66.
                pubmed: 1314051doi: 10.1007/BF01317269google scholar: lookup
              19. Slater JD, Gibson JS, Field HJ. Pathogenicity of a thymidine kinase-deficient mutant of equine herpesvirus 1 in mice and specific pathogen-free foals.. J Gen Virol 1993 May;74 ( Pt 5):819-28.
                pubmed: 8388018doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-74-5-819google scholar: lookup
              20. Turtinen LW, Allen GP. Identification of the envelope surface glycoproteins of equine herpesvirus type 1.. J Gen Virol 1982 Dec;63(2):481-5.
                pubmed: 6296290doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-63-2-481google scholar: lookup
              21. Allen GP, Yeargan MR. Use of lambda gt11 and monoclonal antibodies to map the genes for the six major glycoproteins of equine herpesvirus 1.. J Virol 1987 Aug;61(8):2454-61.
                pubmed: 3037108doi: 10.1128/JVI.61.8.2454-2461.1987google scholar: lookup
              22. Crabb BS, Allen GP, Studdert MJ. Characterization of the major glycoproteins of equine herpesviruses 4 and 1 and asinine herpesvirus 3 using monoclonal antibodies.. J Gen Virol 1991 Sep;72 ( Pt 9):2075-82.
                pubmed: 1716650doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-72-9-2075google scholar: lookup
              23. Yeargan MR, Allen GP, Bryans JT. Rapid subtyping of equine herpesvirus 1 with monoclonal antibodies.. J Clin Microbiol 1985 May;21(5):694-7.
                pubmed: 2987299doi: 10.1128/jcm.21.5.694-697.1985google scholar: lookup
              24. Edington N, Bridges CG, Huckle A. Experimental reactivation of equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV 1) following the administration of corticosteroids.. Equine Vet J 1985 Sep;17(5):369-72.
                pubmed: 2996879doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02524.xgoogle scholar: lookup

              Citations

              This article has been cited 3 times.
              1. Taktaz Hafshejani T, Nekoei S, Vazirian B, Doosti A, Khamesipour F, Anyanwu MU. Molecular Detection of Equine Herpesvirus Types 1 and 4 Infection in Healthy Horses in Isfahan Central and Shahrekord Southwest Regions, Iran.. Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:917854.
                doi: 10.1155/2015/917854pubmed: 26421307google scholar: lookup
              2. Sutton GA, Viel L, Carman PS, Boag BL. Pathogenesis and clinical signs of equine herpesvirus-1 in experimentally infected ponies in vivo.. Can J Vet Res 1998 Jan;62(1):49-55.
                pubmed: 9442940
              3. Tewari D, Nair SV, De Ungria MC, Lawrence GL, Hayden M, Love DN, Field HJ, Whalley JM. Immunization with glycoprotein C of equine herpesvirus-1 is associated with accelerated virus clearance in a murine model.. Arch Virol 1995;140(4):789-97.
                doi: 10.1007/BF01309967pubmed: 7794119google scholar: lookup
              Subscribe to our newsletter
              Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.