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Virology journal2018; 15(1); 186; doi: 10.1186/s12985-018-1093-5

Molecular characterisation of equid alphaherpesvirus 1 strains isolated from aborted fetuses in Poland.

Abstract: Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is one of the main infectious causative agents of abortion in mares and can also be associated with stillbirth, neonatal foal death, rhinopneumonitis in young horses and a neurological disorder called equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). The neuropathogenicity of the virus was shown to be significantly higher in EHV-1 strains that carry a single nucleotide point (SNP) mutation in the ORF30, which encodes a catalytic subunit of viral DNA polymerase (ORF30 D). Another gene, ORF68 is frequently used for phylogenetic analysis of EHV-1. 27 EHV-1 strains isolated from aborted equine fetuses in Poland, collected between 1993 and 2017, were subjected to PCR targeting the open reading frames (ORFs) 30 and 68 of the EHV-1 genome. PCR products obtained were sequenced and SNPs were analyzed and compared to sequences available in GenBank. None of the analyzed sequences belonged to the ORF30 Dneuropathogenic genotype: all EHV-1 belonged to the non-neuropathogenic variant N. On the basis of ORF68 sequences, the majority of EHV-1 sequences (76.9%) cannot be assigned to any of the known groups; only six sequences (23.1%) clustered within groups II and IV. EHV-1 strains obtained from abortion cases belong to the non-neuropathogenic genotype. Many EHV-1 ORF68 sequences have similar SNPs to those already described in Poland, but a clear geographical distribution was not observed. A single particular ORF68 sequence type was observed in strains isolated from 2001 onwards.
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Publication Date: 2018-12-03 PubMed ID: 30509297PubMed Central: PMC6276253DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1093-5Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study analyzed strains of Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), a virus often responsible for abortion in mares, from aborted equine fetuses in Poland. They found that none of the strains belonged to the neuropathogenic genotype and many sequences had similar genetic characteristics to previously observed cases in Poland.

Objective of the Study

The study aimed to understand the unique genetic characteristics of EHV-1 strains isolated from aborted equine fetuses in Poland. The main objective was to see if particular genetic signatures or mutations were present and if there’s any geographical distribution of these strains.

  • The researchers used polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a widely-used lab technique in molecular biology, to target the open reading frames of the EHV-1 genome.
  • They had a particular interest in two genes: ORF30 which encodes a subunit of viral DNA polymerase and is known to affect the neuropathogenicity of EHV, and ORF68 which is frequently used for phylogenetic analysis of EHV-1.

Methodology and Results

The researchers conducted PCR on 27 EHV-1 strains:

  • PCR products were sequenced and the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) found in the sequences were analyzed and compared to a reference set of sequences in GenBank, a national database of genetic sequences.
  • The data obtained was used to determine if the sequences carried the ORF30 D mutation, which is associated with neuropathogenicity.
  • Researchers found no strains carrying the aforementioned mutation. Instead, they belonged to the non-neuropathogenic variant N.

Phylogenetic Analysis and Findings

Using the ORF68 gene:

  • The team conducted phylogenetic analysis on the EHV-1 strains.
  • About 76.9% of the sequences didn’t align with any known groups of EHV-1, meaning they were genetically distinct.
  • Only 23.1% of these sequences fit into groups II and IV of known alphaherpesvirus classes.
  • Many EHV-1 ORF68 sequences shared common genetic features with previously described cases in Poland, though they didn’t observe any clear geographical distribution.
  • Also, a distinct ORF68 sequence type was seen in infection cases post-2001.

Overall, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the genotypes of EHV-1 strains isolated from aborted fetuses in Poland. It enriches our understanding, variant characteristics, and the evolution of this virus over time.

Cite This Article

APA
Matczuk AK, Skarbek M, Jackulak NA, Bażanów BA. (2018). Molecular characterisation of equid alphaherpesvirus 1 strains isolated from aborted fetuses in Poland. Virol J, 15(1), 186. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-018-1093-5

Publication

Virology journal
ISSN: 1743-422X
NlmUniqueID: 101231645
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Pages: 186
PII: 186

Researcher Affiliations

Matczuk, Anna Karolina
  • Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, Wroclaw, 50-375, Poland. anna.matczuk@upwr.edu.pl.
Skarbek, Małgorzata
  • Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, Wroclaw, 50-375, Poland.
Jackulak, Natalia Anna
  • Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, Wroclaw, 50-375, Poland.
Bażanów, Barbara Anna
  • Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, Wroclaw, 50-375, Poland.

MeSH Terms

  • Aborted Fetus / virology
  • Animals
  • DNA, Viral / genetics
  • DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / genetics
  • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
  • Encephalomyelitis / veterinary
  • Encephalomyelitis / virology
  • Female
  • Genetic Variation / genetics
  • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Herpesviridae Infections / virology
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / classification
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Open Reading Frames / genetics
  • Poland
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / genetics

Conflict of Interest Statement

ETHICS APPROVAL: Not applicable - the work was conducted on clinical samples sent by veterinary practitioners. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors have declared no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
  1. Kang HW, Lee EY, Lee KK, Ko MK, Park JY, Kim YH, Lee K, Choi EJ, Kim J, So B, Park CK, Jeoung HY. Evaluation of the Variability of the ORF34, ORF68, and MLST Genes in EHV-1 from South Korea. Pathogens 2021 Apr 2;10(4).
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  2. Stasiak K, Dunowska M, Rola J. Outbreak of equid herpesvirus 1 abortions at the Arabian stud in Poland. BMC Vet Res 2020 Oct 6;16(1):374.
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  3. Preziuso S, Sgorbini M, Marmorini P, Cuteri V. Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 from Italian Horses: Evaluation of the Variability of the ORF30, ORF33, ORF34 and ORF68 Genes. Viruses 2019 Sep 13;11(9).
    doi: 10.3390/v11090851pubmed: 31540321google scholar: lookup
  4. Hassanien RT, Thieulent CJ, Carossino M, Li G, Balasuriya UBR. Modulation of Equid Herpesvirus-1 Replication Dynamics In Vitro Using CRISPR/Cas9-Assisted Genome Editing. Viruses 2024 Mar 6;16(3).
    doi: 10.3390/v16030409pubmed: 38543774google scholar: lookup
  5. Emelogu U, Lewin AC, Balasuriya UBR, Liu CC, Wilkes RP, Zhang J, Mills EP, Carter RT. Phylogenomic assessment of 23 equid alphaherpesvirus 1 isolates obtained from USA-based equids. Virol J 2023 Nov 29;20(1):278.
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