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Veterinary medicine and science2022; 8(6); 2396-2403; doi: 10.1002/vms3.925

Molecular detection and assessment of the epidemiological risk factors associated with equine herpesvirus 2 and 5 in working equids in central Ethiopia.

Abstract: Respiratory disease is the most common presenting complaint at veterinary clinics and a priority concern for equid owners and veterinary practitioners in Ethiopia. This study aimed to report the molecular detection of EHV-2 and EHV-5 and to assess the risk factors associated with infection in working equids in central Ethiopia. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 58 horses and donkeys to detect EHV-2 and EHV-5 using PCR targeting the conserved region of glycoprotein B (gB) genes. From 58 equids, EHV-5 and EHV-2 were detected in 20 (34.5%) and 19 (32.8%) equids, respectively. Concurrent infection with EHV-2 and EHV-5 was found in 6 (10.3%) equids who exhibited respiratory clinical signs. EHV-2 was detected in a significantly higher (p = 0.002) proportion of horses (54.5%; n = 18) than donkeys (4%; n = 1). In contrast, EHV-5 was detected in a significantly higher (p = 0.004) proportion of donkeys (56%; n = 14) compared to horses (18.2% n = 6). EHV-2-positive equids were seven times more likely to display clinical signs of respiratory disease than EHV-2-negative equids (Odds ratio (OR) = 6.9; 95%CI: 1.72-27.60). However, statistically significant (p = 0.832) difference was not observed for EHV-5. EHV-2 was detected in a significantly higher (p = 0.004) proportion of female (50%; n = 16) compared to male equids (11.5%; n = 3). This study revealed the molecular detection of EHV-2 and EHV-5 in horses and donkeys residing in central Ethiopia. The association between EHV-2-test-positive equids and displaying of clinical signs of respiratory disease was observed, which suggests EHV-2 involvement in the development of respiratory disease; however, it deserves further investigation.
© 2022 The Authors. Veterinary Medicine and Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2022-09-05 PubMed ID: 36063540PubMed Central: PMC9677389DOI: 10.1002/vms3.925Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

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This research investigates the presence and impact of two strains of equine herpesvirus (EHV-2 and EHV-5) in working horses and donkeys in Ethiopia, and studies the various risk factors associated with the infection of these diseases.

Study Methodology

  • As a part of the research, nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 58 working horses and donkeys to test for the presence of EHV-2 and EHV-5.
  • These samples were analysed using PCR, which focused on the conserved region of glycoprotein B (gB) genes, which are unique to these herpesviruses.

Study Findings

  • Out of the 58 sampled equids, 34.5% were detected with EHV-5 and 32.8% with EHV-2. Concurrent infection of both EHV-2 and EHV-5 was found in 10.3% equids, who were exhibiting clinical signs of respiratory illness.
  • EHV-2 was found in a significantly higher proportion in horses (54.5%) than in donkeys (4%). On the contrary, EHV-5 was detected in a significantly higher proportion of donkeys (56%) compared to horses (18.2%).
  • EHV-2 positive equids had a seven times higher risk of displaying clinical signs of respiratory disease than those without EHV-2.
  • No significant correlation was observed between EHV-5 positive equids and respiratory illness symptoms.
  • A significantly higher proportion of female equids (50%) were found EHV-2 positive as compared to male equids (11.5%).

Significance of Research

  • The study brings to light the widespread presence of EHV-2 and EHV-5 in working horses and donkeys in the central region of Ethiopia.
  • It highlights the higher susceptibility of female equids towards EHV-2 and horses towards EHV-2, while donkeys towards EHV-5.
  • The research emphasises the role of EHV-2 in causing respiratory diseases. However, EHV-5 does not show any significant association with respiratory issues.
  • The findings call for further in-depth research on the role of EHV-2 in causing respiratory illness.

Cite This Article

APA
Wondimagegnehu K, Leta S, Amenu K, Negussie H. (2022). Molecular detection and assessment of the epidemiological risk factors associated with equine herpesvirus 2 and 5 in working equids in central Ethiopia. Vet Med Sci, 8(6), 2396-2403. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.925

Publication

Veterinary medicine and science
ISSN: 2053-1095
NlmUniqueID: 101678837
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Pages: 2396-2403

Researcher Affiliations

Wondimagegnehu, Kifle
  • Alage Agricultural Technical Vocational Education and Training College, Ministry of Agriculture, Alage, Ethiopia.
Leta, Samson
  • College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
Amenu, Kebede
  • College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
Negussie, Haileleul
  • College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.

MeSH Terms

  • Female
  • Male
  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Rhadinovirus
  • Ethiopia / epidemiology
  • Risk Factors
  • Odds Ratio
  • Equidae

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