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Veterinary sciences2022; 9(4); 187; doi: 10.3390/vetsci9040187

Molecular Detection of Equine Adenovirus 1 in Nasal Swabs from Horses in the Republic of Korea.

Abstract: Equine adenovirus 1 (EAdV-1) can cause upper respiratory disease in horses and has been reported worldwide. In this study, and for the first time in Korea, the prevalence of EAdV-1 in equine nasal swabs was investigated using a PCR to identify potential risk factors and examine the genetic diversity of its DNA sequences by a comparison with foreign strains. Nasal swabs collected from 359 horses reared at Korea Racing Authority facilities were tested using an EAdV-1 hexon-specific PCR and the associations between EAdV-1 infection and sex, age, region, breed, and activity were analyzed. Five samples (1.4%, 5/359) tested positive for EAdV-1; however, no statistically significant differences were observed with respect to any variable. Among the five EAdV-1-positive horses, a co-infection with equine influenza, equine herpesvirus 1 and 4, or was not detected; however, clinical respiratory signs were observed in one. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial EAdV-1 hexon gene sequences revealed that the Korean EAdV-1 isolates shared approximately 98.8-100% similarity among each other and with foreign strains. Three Korean isolates shared high similarity with strains from Australia and India and the remaining two isolates were separate in phylogenetic analyses. These findings highlight the molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of EAdV-1 in horses in Korea.
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Publication Date: 2022-04-13 PubMed ID: 35448685PubMed Central: PMC9025330DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040187Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper outlines a study conducted on the prevalence and genetic diversity of the Equine adenovirus 1 (EAdV-1) in horses in Korea. This is the first time such a study was conducted in the country.

Overview and Motive

  • The study was motivated by the need to understand the prevalence and diversity of the Equine adenovirus 1 (EAdV-1), a virus known to cause respiratory disease in horses, in Korea.
  • This pathogen had not been investigated in this region beforehand, thus the paper explores its existence in domestic horse populations through the careful collection and analysis of nasal swab samples.
  • The goal was to identify potential risk factors and understand the genetic diversity of EAdV-1 by comparing its DNA with foreign pathogens.

Methodology

  • Researchers collected nasal swabs from a total of 359 horses, all of which were reared in facilities of the Korea Racing Authority.
  • A PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test targeting EAdV-1’s hexon gene was used for the detection. This gene is crucial as it codes for one of the main components of the virus’s outer layer and is commonly used in such studies because of its high mutation rate.
  • Associations between EAdV-1 infection and various factors including sex, age, breed, region, and activity level were taken into consideration.

Findings

  • Out of the total samples, only 1.4% (5 horses) tested positive for EAdV-1.
  • The data showed no significant statistical difference when the virus prevalence was compared against the variables of sex, age, region, breed, and activity.
  • None of the five affected horses exhibited co-infection with other equine diseases such as equine influenza and equine herpesvirus 1 and 4; however, respiratory signs were observed in one case.

Genetic Diversity based on Phylogenetic Analysis

  • The researchers analyzed the genetic diversity of EAdV-1 in Korea by sequencing the hexon gene of collected samples, comparing it with international strains.
  • It was found that the Korean EAdV-1 sequences showed a high similarity, approximately 98.8-100%, among each other and with foreign strains.
  • Three Korean strains were very similar to the strains found in Australia and India while the remaining two were distinct.

Conclusion

  • This research has successfully provided estimates on the prevalence and genetic diversity of EAdV-1 within Korean horse populations.
  • The insights gained can be utilized for future research and establishment of mitigating strategies to combat EAdV-1.

Cite This Article

APA
Lee SK, Choi J, Yoon J, Jung J, Park JY, Park J, Kim Y, Park JY, Park D. (2022). Molecular Detection of Equine Adenovirus 1 in Nasal Swabs from Horses in the Republic of Korea. Vet Sci, 9(4), 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9040187

Publication

Veterinary sciences
ISSN: 2306-7381
NlmUniqueID: 101680127
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
PII: 187

Researcher Affiliations

Lee, Sang-Kyu
  • Veterinary Center, Korea Racing Authority, Gwacheon 13822, Korea.
Choi, Jeechan
  • Busan Equine Hospital, Korea Racing Authority, Busan 46745, Korea.
Yoon, Jungho
  • Equine Clinic, Jeju Regional Headquarter, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju 63346, Korea.
Jung, Jaemin
  • Equine Clinic, Jeju Regional Headquarter, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju 63346, Korea.
Park, Joon-Young
  • Jangsu Equine Hospital, Korea Racing Authority, Jangsu 55620, Korea.
Park, Jongyoung
  • Equine Clinic, Jeju Regional Headquarter, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju 63346, Korea.
Kim, Yeonjong
  • Veterinary Center, Korea Racing Authority, Gwacheon 13822, Korea.
Park, Ji-Young
  • Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea.
Park, Dongsun
  • Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Korea.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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