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Molecular epidemiology of the African horse sickness virus S10 gene.
Abstract: Between 2004 and 2006, 145 African horse sickness viruses (AHSV) were isolated from blood and organ samples submitted from South Africa to the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria. All nine serotypes were represented, with a range of 3-60 isolates per serotype. The RNA small segment 10 (S10) nucleotide sequences of these isolates were determined and the phylogeny investigated. AHSV, bluetongue virus (BTV) and equine encephalosis virus (EEV) all formed monophyletic groups and BTV was genetically closer to AHSV than EEV. This study confirmed the presence of three distinct S10 phylogenetic clades (alpha, beta and gamma). Some serotypes (6, 8 and 9 in alpha; 3 and 7 in beta; 2 in gamma) were restricted to a single clade, while other serotypes (1, 4 and 5) clustered into both the alpha and gamma clades. Strong purifying selection was evident and a constant molecular clock was inappropriate. The S10 gene is the second most variable gene of the AHSV genome and the use of S10 in molecular epidemiology was illustrated by an AHS outbreak in the Western Cape in 2004. It was shown that two separate AHSV were circulating in the area, even though AHSV serotype 1 was the only isolate from the outbreak. The small size of the gene (755-764 bp) and conserved terminal regions facilitate easy and quick sequencing. The establishment of an S10 sequence database is important for characterizing outbreaks of AHS. It will be an essential resource for elucidating the epidemiology of AHS.
Publication Date: 2008-04-19 PubMed ID: 18420793DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83502-0Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research article investigates the molecular epidemiology of the S10 gene from 145 isolates of African horse sickness viruses, finding that the S10 gene varies among different serotypes and plays a significant role in tracing and understanding the outbreaks of African horse sickness.
Objective of the study
- The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of the African horse sickness virus (AHSV) by examining the S10 gene in samples of AHSV isolated from horses in South Africa.
- The researchers wanted to determine the phylogeny of the virus, assess the level of clade variance amongst the serotypes and ascertain the role of the S10 gene in tracing AHSV outbreaks.
Methodology
- The researchers isolated AHSV from blood and organ samples submitted to the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Pretoria from 2004 to 2006.
- All nine serotypes of the virus were represented in the study, with a range of 3 to 60 isolates per serotype.
- The team examined the S10 nucleotide sequences of these isolates and conducted a phylogenetic analysis.
Key Findings
- AHSV, bluetongue virus (BTV) and equine encephalosis virus (EEV) all formed monophyletic groups, with BTV being genetically closer to AHSV than EEV.
- The study established the presence of three distinct S10 phylogenetic clades: alpha, beta and gamma.
- Some serotypes were restricted to a single clade, while others fell into different clades, illustrating a varied distribution of the disease.
- A strong purifying selection was found, indicating a strong pressure to conserve the function of the protein encoded by the S10 gene.
- The S10 gene was shown to be highly variable and very useful in tracking the spread of AHSV, as illustrated by the analysis of an outbreak in 2004.
Conclusions and Implications
- The S10 gene was identified as the second most variable gene of the AHSV genome, making it a significant resource for molecular epidemiological investigations.
- The gene’s small size and conserved terminal regions facilitate easy and fast sequencing, enabling rapid response to AHSV outbreaks.
- Establishing a database of S10 sequences could substantially aid efforts to characterize future AHS outbreaks and contribute to broader knowledge about the epidemiology of the disease.
Cite This Article
APA
Quan M, van Vuuren M, Howell PG, Groenewald D, Guthrie AJ.
(2008).
Molecular epidemiology of the African horse sickness virus S10 gene.
J Gen Virol, 89(Pt 5), 1159-1168.
https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83502-0 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
- Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
- Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
MeSH Terms
- African Horse Sickness / epidemiology
- African Horse Sickness / virology
- African Horse Sickness Virus / classification
- African Horse Sickness Virus / genetics
- African Horse Sickness Virus / isolation & purification
- Animal Structures / virology
- Animals
- Blood / virology
- Disease Outbreaks
- Genotype
- Horses
- Molecular Epidemiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Viral / genetics
- Selection, Genetic
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Serotyping
- South Africa / epidemiology
- Viral Proteins / genetics
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Tirosh-Levy S, Steinman A. Equine Encephalosis Virus. Animals (Basel) 2022 Jan 29;12(3).
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