Molecular investigation of the viral kinetics of equine herpesvirus-1 in blood and nasal secretions of horses after corticosteroid-induced recrudescence of latent infection.
Abstract: Recrudescence of latent equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) with subsequent viral shedding via nasal secretions is a potential source of infection for susceptible horses and has been implicated in outbreaks occurring in closed populations. Objective: To describe the viral kinetics of reactivated EHV-1 in blood and nasal secretions from latently infected horses after administration of corticosteroids, and to study the infectious nature of reactivated EHV-1 to sentinel horses. Methods: Eight healthy horses. Methods: Four horses infected 4 months previously with EHV-1 received dexamethasone on 5 consecutive days. Four seronegative horses served as sentinels and had direct contact with the latently infected horses. All horses were monitored daily for development of clinical signs. Whole blood and nasal secretions were collected daily for molecular detection and cell culture of EHV-1. Serum was collected weekly for the detection of antibodies against EHV-1. Results: All horses in the latently infected group showed transient molecular detection of EHV-1 in blood and nasal secretions, but only 1 horse developed fever. Three latently infected horses developed an increase in antibody concentrations against EHV-l. Viral cultures remained negative for all latently infected horses after corticosteroid administration. None of the sentinel horses developed clinical signs, viremia, viral shedding, or seroconversion. Conclusions: EHV-1 was successfully reactivated after corticosteroid administration in latently infected horses. However, transmission of reactivated virus to sentinel horses was unsuccessful. Failure to effectively transmit EHV-1 to susceptible horses may have resulted from the low level and short period of viral shedding in latently infected horses.
Copyright © 2010 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Publication Date: 2010-06-24 PubMed ID: 20584139DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0554.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The study investigates how the equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) in horses behaves after being reactivated by corticosteroids, specifically looking at how it spreads in the blood and nasal secretions of the host horse and manages to infect other horses.
Objective of the Research
- The objective of this research was to understand the behavior of the reactivated equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) in blood and nasal secretions in latently infected horses, post administration of corticosteroids. It also intended to study the infectious nature of reactivated EHV-1 on unaffected, or sentinel, horses.
Methodology
- Total of eight healthy horses were used in the experiment. Four horses, previously infected with EHV-1, were chosen and administered dexamethasone for five consecutive days to reactivate the latent virus.
- The other four horses were seronegatively tested and served as sentinels; they had direct contact with the previously infected horses. All horses were monitored daily for symptoms. Additionally, samples of whole blood and nasal secretions were collected every day for molecular detection and cell culture of EHV-1.
- The serum was also collected weekly to check for EHV-1 antibodies.
Findings
- All the horses that had latent infection showed temporary molecular detection of EHV-1 in their blood and nasal secretions, but only one horse developed a fever.
- Three of the latently infected horses showed an increase in EHV-1 antibody concentrations. However, viral cultures for all horses remained negative after corticosteroid administration.
- None of the sentinel horses developed any clinical signs, viremia (presence of viruses in the blood), viral shedding, or seroconversion (the period of time during which antibodies develop and become detectable).
Conclusions
- EHV-1 was successfully reactivated by the administration of corticosteroids in horses that were latently infected, suggesting that corticosteroids can stimulate the viral activity of EHV-1.
- However, the reactivated virus did not successfully transmit to the sentinel horses. This could be due to a insufficient amount or short duration of viral shedding in the infected horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Pusterla N, Hussey SB, Mapes S, Johnson C, Collier JR, Hill J, Lunn DP, Wilson WD.
(2010).
Molecular investigation of the viral kinetics of equine herpesvirus-1 in blood and nasal secretions of horses after corticosteroid-induced recrudescence of latent infection.
J Vet Intern Med, 24(5), 1153-1157.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0554.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. npusterla@ucdavis.edu
MeSH Terms
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones / pharmacology
- Animals
- Dexamethasone / pharmacology
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / physiology
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Male
- Mucus / virology
- Time Factors
- Virus Latency / drug effects
- Virus Replication / physiology
Citations
This article has been cited 12 times.- Rutledge JJ, Paegelow J, Ritchey J, Singh A, Rizzi T, Murray C, Gilliam L, Crisman E, Williams NJ, Holbrook TC. Nebulized glycosylated caffeic acid phenylether ester attenuation of environmental particulate-induced airway inflammation in horses.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:958567.
- Pusterla N, Barnum S, Young A, Mendonsa E, Lee S, Hankin S, Brittner S, Finno CJ. Molecular Monitoring of EHV-1 in Silently Infected Performance Horses through Nasal and Environmental Sample Testing.. Pathogens 2022 Jun 24;11(7).
- Price D, Barnum S, Mize J, Pusterla N. Investigation of the Use of Non-Invasive Samples for the Molecular Detection of EHV-1 in Horses with and without Clinical Infection.. Pathogens 2022 May 13;11(5).
- Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Roberts HC, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Calvo AV, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Carvelli A, Paillot R, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Baldinelli F, Van der Stede Y. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): infection with Equine Herpesvirus-1.. EFSA J 2022 Jan;20(1):e07036.
- Laval K, Poelaert KCK, Van Cleemput J, Zhao J, Vandekerckhove AP, Gryspeerdt AC, Garré B, van der Meulen K, Baghi HB, Dubale HN, Zarak I, Van Crombrugge E, Nauwynck HJ. The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1.. Front Microbiol 2021;12:662686.
- Giessler KS, Samoilowa S, Soboll Hussey G, Kiupel M, Matiasek K, Sledge DG, Liesche F, Schlegel J, Fux R, Goehring LS. Viral Load and Cell Tropism During Early Latent Equid Herpesvirus 1 Infection Differ Over Time in Lymphoid and Neural Tissue Samples From Experimentally Infected Horses.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:621.
- Stasiak K, Dunowska M, Rola J. Outbreak of equid herpesvirus 1 abortions at the Arabian stud in Poland.. BMC Vet Res 2020 Oct 6;16(1):374.
- Muscat KE, Padalino B, Hartley CA, Ficorilli N, Celi P, Knight P, Raidal S, Gilkerson JR, Muscatello G. Equine Transport and Changes in Equid Herpesvirus' Status.. Front Vet Sci 2018;5:224.
- Spiesschaert B, Goldenbogen B, Taferner S, Schade M, Mahmoud M, Klipp E, Osterrieder N, Azab W. Role of gB and pUS3 in Equine Herpesvirus 1 Transfer between Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Endothelial Cells: a Dynamic In Vitro Model.. J Virol 2015 Dec;89(23):11899-908.
- Badenhorst M, Page P, Ganswindt A, Laver P, Guthrie A, Schulman M. Detection of equine herpesvirus-4 and physiological stress patterns in young Thoroughbreds consigned to a South African auction sale.. BMC Vet Res 2015 Jun 2;11:126.
- Schulman M, Becker A, Ganswindt S, Guthrie A, Stout T, Ganswindt A. The effect of consignment to broodmare sales on physiological stress measured by faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in pregnant Thoroughbred mares.. BMC Vet Res 2014 Jan 17;10:25.
- Walter J, Seeh C, Fey K, Bleul U, Osterrieder N. Clinical observations and management of a severe equine herpesvirus type 1 outbreak with abortion and encephalomyelitis.. Acta Vet Scand 2013 Mar 5;55(1):19.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
