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Australian veterinary journal2020; 98(8); 405-410; doi: 10.1111/avj.12954

Molecular typing of equine papillomavirus and autovaccination to treat horses with cutaneous papillomatosis.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate formalin-inactivated autovaccination to treat cutaneous papillomatosis and to perform molecular typing of the papillomavirus in four horses (two foals, one 3-year-old filly and a 5-year-old stallion). Methods: Histopathological slides of lesions were prepared and stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to establish a diagnosis that was based on observation koilocytosis, which is a pathognomonic cytopathic change that is associated with papillomatosis, using light microscopy. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were performed using the EPV-R and EPV-F primer set. Results: In histopathological examination, koilocyte formation and occasional intranuclear viral inclusions were detected in the papillomas. A 334-base pair (bp) fragment of the E2 and L2 genes from the EPV genome was amplified using the EPV-R and EPV-F primer set. This fragment contained 215 bp from the E2 gene and 56 bp from the L2 gene; these were found to be 98.78% to 98.97% identical to the known EcPV type-1 sequence (AF498323). Conclusions: Three horses with cutaneous papillomatosis were administered two doses of a formalin-inactivated preparation of papillomatous lesions at 7-day intervals. The papillomatous lesions were observed to decrease gradually 1 week after the last vaccination, and all warts had resolved within 2-3 weeks. One horse with cutaneous papillomatosis was left as an unvaccinated control, and no changes to the lesions were noted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of EcPV type-1 infection, autovaccine preparation and molecular typing in Turkey.
© 2020 Australian Veterinary Association.
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Publication Date: 2020-05-10 PubMed ID: 32390155DOI: 10.1111/avj.12954Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study was aimed at testing the effectiveness of a self-vaccine against horse papillomavirus and identifying the strain of the virus in the infected horses. The treatment observed was able to eradicate warts within two to three weeks, marking the first successful application of such a treatment in Turkey.

Molecular Typing & Diagnosis of Equine Papillomavirus

  • The laboratory team worked with four horses suffering from cutaneous papillomatosis, a skin condition caused by the equine papillomavirus (EcPV).
  • They used methods such as light microscopy to observe the skin cells of these horses, selecting the ones showing signs of the disease, like koilocytosis which is a specific change in cell structure associated with papillomatosis.
  • These affected cells were examined further through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. They used a primer set especially designed for EcPV to identify the sequence of the virus strain.
  • The team managed to amplify a 334-base pair fragment of the E2 and L2 genes from the EPV genome, which were found to be 98.78% to 98.97% identical to the known EcPV type-1 sequence. This helped them decide on the type of the virus strain.

Autovaccine Preparation and Intervention

  • Once the viral strain was identified, they prepared an autovaccine of the papillomatous lesions, a type of vaccine made using the patient’s own cells from the lesions.
  • The vaccine including these cells was inactivated using formalin, a common method rendering harmful particles harmless while keeping their ability to provoke an immune response.
  • Three out of the four horses were given two doses of this vaccine, at a week interval.

Observation and Results

  • A week after the last dose of the vaccine, the team started to notice a decrease in the size and number of the papillomatous lesions on the skin of the treated horses.
  • In two to three weeks, all warts had completely vanished, marking a successful intervention.
  • One horse wasn’t treated and its condition didn’t change, proving that the decrease in lesions was due to the vaccine and not natural remission of the disease.
  • This study is the first to report successful treatment using an autovaccine of this type and molecular typing of EcPV type-1 in Turkey.

Cite This Article

APA
Onen EA. (2020). Molecular typing of equine papillomavirus and autovaccination to treat horses with cutaneous papillomatosis. Aust Vet J, 98(8), 405-410. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12954

Publication

Australian veterinary journal
ISSN: 1751-0813
NlmUniqueID: 0370616
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 98
Issue: 8
Pages: 405-410

Researcher Affiliations

Onen, E A
  • Project Manager, Vaccine, Biotechnology and Experimental Animals R&D Laboratory, Kocak Farma Pharmaceutical Company, Tekirdag, Turkey.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • DNA, Viral
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Molecular Typing / veterinary
  • Papilloma / veterinary
  • Papillomaviridae / genetics
  • Turkey

Grant Funding

  • Kou00e7ak Farma u0130lau00e7 ve Kimya San. A.u015e.

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