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Vavilovskii zhurnal genetiki i selektsii2021; 25(2); 202-207; doi: 10.18699/VJ21.024

Monitoring for the genetic structure of Mezen breed of horses in terms of DNA microsatellites.

Abstract: Mezenskaya horse (Mezenka) is Russia's aboriginal breed. It is a domestic selection in the northern territories of Arkhangelsk region. The breed is perfectly adapted to the conditions of the Far North, and has a number of valuable economic and biological qualities. At present, it has a limited gene pool and is bred only in the Mezensky district, where one gene pool-breeding farm is operating and so is a number of basic farms, where selection and breeding activities take place with the breed. Due to a small population of Mezen horses, the challenge of preserving its intra-breed diversity is very urgent. To determine the degree of genetic variability in the Mezen population, the alleles-fond was monitored. A comparative analysis of the genetic structure of the breed was done on DNA microsatellites at time-intervals of 10 years (2000, 2010 and 2020). Crista samples of 198 horses were studied in specialized laboratories. It was established that the breed has wide genetic diversity in 17 loci of nuclear DNA. The population's alleles-fond includes from 128, 139, and 133 alleles respectively (with an average value of 7.53, 8.18, and 7.82 alleles per locus). The most common alleles are AHT4O, AHT5N, ASB2K, ASB23S, CA425N, HMS1J, HMS1M, HMS2H, HMS3M, HMS7L, HTG4M, HTG6O, HTG7K, HTG7O and LEX3M. Mezen horses revealed 6 rare, lowfrequency (0.004-0.056) alleles not found in the horse populations of domestic selection. The average value of the polymorphic level (Ae) in the breed over the years is 4.16, 4.21 and 4.06, respectively. The highest polymorphism is found in locus ASB17 (6.49-6.90-6.76); the lowest, in locus HTG6 (1.71-1.66-1.67) and HMS7 (1.77-1.95-1.77). A slight deficit of heterozygous genotypes (Fis = 0.003) was observed in Mezen horses in 2010. In 2000 and 2020, the observed heterozygosity (Ho) exceeds the expected value (He), which indicates the absence of intra-population inbreeding (Fis = -0.014 and -0.011, respectively). The results obtained testify to the effectiveness of breeding activities carried out to preserve, improve and maintain genetic diversity in the population. Мезенская лошадь (мезенка) – аборигенная порода России. Была выведена методом народной селекции в северных районах Архангельской области. Порода прекрасно приспособлена к условиям Крайнего Севера и обладает рядом ценных хозяйственно-биологических качеств. В настоящее время имеет ограниченный генофонд и разводится в чистоте только в Мезенском районе, где функционируют одна генофондно-племенная ферма и ряд базовых хозяйств, в которых осуществляется селекционно-племенная работа с породой. В связи с малочисленностью популяции мезенских лошадей проблема сохранения ее внутрипородного разнообразия очень актуальна. Для определения уровня генетической изменчивости в породе проведен мониторинг ее аллелофонда. Сравнительный анализ генетической структуры породы выполнен по микросателлитам ДНК с периодичностью в 10 лет (2000, 2010 и 2020 гг.). В специализированных лабораториях были исследованы образцы волос 198 лошадей. Установлено, что порода обладает широким генетическим разнообразием по 17 локусам ядерной ДНК. В исследуемые годы аллелофонд популяции включал 128, 139 и 133 аллеля соответственно (при среднем значении 7.53, 8.18 и 7.82 аллеля на локус). Наиболее распространенными в породе являются аллели AHT4О, AHT5N, ASB2K, ASB23S, CA425N, HMS1J, HMS1М, HMS2Н, HMS3М, HMS7L, HTG4М, HTG6О, HTG7K, HTG7О, LEX3М. С малой частотой (0.004–0.056) у мезенок было обнаружено 6 редких аллелей, которые не выявлены в популяциях лошадей отечественной селекции. Среднее значение уровня полиморфности (Ае) в породе по годам составляет 4.16, 4.21 и 4.06 соответственно. Наивысший его показатель приходится на локус ASB17 (6.49–6.90–6.76), наименьший – на локусы HTG6 (1.71–1.66–1.67) и HMS7 (1.77–1.95–1.77). Незначительный дефицит гетерозиготных генотипов (Fis = 0.003) отмечен у мезенских лошадей в 2010 г. В 2000 и 2020 гг. наблюдаемая гетерозиготность (Но) превышает величину ожидаемой (Не), что указывает на отсутствие внутрипопуляционного инбридинга (Fis = –0.014 и –0.011 соответственно). Полученные результаты свидетельствуют об эффективности проводимых селекционных мероприятий по сохранению, совершенствованию и поддержанию генетического разнообразия в популяции.
Publication Date: 2021-12-14 PubMed ID: 34901718PubMed Central: PMC8627877DOI: 10.18699/VJ21.024Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

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The research examines the genetic diversity and evolutionary progress of the Mezen Breed of horses in Russia, particularly focusing on tangible variations in their DNA microsatellites over a span of 20 years.

Study Background and Methodology

  • This study was mapped around tracking the genetic diversity among the Mezen horse breed, which is a domestic species from Northern Arkhangelsk region in Russia. The breed, known for its adaptiveness to Far North conditions, has economic and biological value but has a limited gene pool and is bred exclusively in the Mezen region.
  • Due to the small population and risk of losing intra-breed diversity, the breed’s alleles-fond, or pool of genes, was monitored and a comparative genetic structure analysis was carried out using DNA microsatellites over periods of 10 years – 2000, 2010, and 2020.
  • For this study, crista samples from 198 horses were analyzed in labs, focusing on 17 loci in nuclear DNA. This method helped determine the measure of genetic variability in the breed.

Study Findings

  • The breed exhibited wide-ranging genetic variations with 128, 139, and 133 alleles found respectively in its population for the three mentioned years, with a mean value of 7.53, 8.18, and 7.82 alleles per locus. Certain alleles were identified as the most prevalent in the breed.
  • A total of six rare and low-frequency alleles, not seen in other domestic horse populations, were found in Mezen horses.
  • The result also displayed the average level of polymorphism (Ae) in the breed across the studied years as 4.16, 4.21, and 4.06 respectively, with the highest polymorphism found at locus ASB17 and the least at loci HTG6 and HMS7.
  • A minor deficit of heterozygous genotypes was observed in 2010 among Mezen horses, signifying minor genetic mutations during that period. However, in 2000 and 2020, observed heterozygosity (Ho) exceeded the expected value (He), indicating the absence of intra-population inbreeding.

Implications of the Study

  • The study findings confirm the active genetic diversity in the Mezen horse population despite their limited population and selective breeding regions. This demonstrates the potency of current breeding activities in preserving and enhancing this genetic diversity.
  • Understanding the continuation of genetic diversity also assures that the breed maintains its unique traits and adaptability, so necessary in the northern territories of the Arkhangelsk region.

The study validates the sustained genetic diversity in the Mezen horse breed and affirms the effectiveness of the breeding efforts in conserving and enhancing this diversity.

Cite This Article

APA
Vdovina NV, Yuryeva IB. (2021). Monitoring for the genetic structure of Mezen breed of horses in terms of DNA microsatellites. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii, 25(2), 202-207. https://doi.org/10.18699/VJ21.024

Publication

ISSN: 2500-0462
NlmUniqueID: 101583566
Country: Russia (Federation)
Language: English
Volume: 25
Issue: 2
Pages: 202-207

Researcher Affiliations

Vdovina, N V
  • N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia.
Yuryeva, I B
  • N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia.

Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.