Monitoring of tidal ventilation by electrical impedance tomography in anaesthetised horses.
Abstract: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a method to measure regional impedance changes within the thorax. The total tidal impedance variation has been used to measure changes in tidal volumes in pigs, dogs and men. Objective: To assess the ability of EIT to quantify changes in tidal volume in anaesthetised mechanically ventilated horses. Methods: In vivo experimental study. Methods: Six horses (mean ± s.d.: age 11.5 ± 7.5 years and body weight 491 ± 40 kg) were anaesthetised using isoflurane in oxygen. The lungs were mechanically ventilated using a volume-controlled mode. With an end-tidal carbon dioxide tension in the physiological range, and a set tidal volume (VT ) of 11-16 mL/kg (baseline volume), EIT data and VT measured by conventional spirometry were collected over 1 min. Thereafter, VT was changed in 1 L steps until reaching 10 L. After, VT was reduced to 1 L below the baseline volume and then further reduced in 1 L steps until 4 L. On each VT step data were recorded for 1 min after allowing 1 min of stabilisation. Impedance changes within the predefined two lung regions of interest (EIT ) and the whole image (EIT ) were calculated. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between spirometry data and EIT and EIT for individual horses and pooled data. Results: Both EIT and EIT significantly predicted spirometry data for individual horses with R ranging from 0.937 to 0.999 and from 0.954 to 0.997 respectively. This was similar for pooled data from all six horses with EIT (R = 0.799; P<0.001) and EIT (R = 0.841; P<0.001). Conclusions: The method was only tested in healthy mechanically ventilated horses. Conclusions: The EIT can be used to quantify changes in tidal volume.
© 2018 EVJ Ltd.
Publication Date: 2018-08-18 PubMed ID: 30035329DOI: 10.1111/evj.12998Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Clinical Trial
- Veterinary
- Journal Article
Summary
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This research explores the effectiveness of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in measuring shifts in tidal volume in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated horses. The method has yielded significant results and appears capable of tracking tidal volume changes in such cases.
Research Setup
- Scientists carried out an in vivo experimental study on six horses. The average age and weight of these horses were 11.5 years and 491 kg.
- These horses were anaesthetised using isoflurane in oxygen, and their lungs were mechanically ventilated in a volume-controlled mode.
- At a preset tidal volume of 11-16 mL/kg, EIT data and the tidal volume, measured using conventional spirometry, were gathered over a minute.
- Post this, the tidal volume was progressively increased by 1 L steps till it reached 10 L. Following this, it was reduced by 1 L steps below the baseline volume and further reduced until it reached 4 L.
- Every time the tidal volume was altered, data was recorded after a one minute stabilisation period.
Data Collection and Results
- The researchers calculated impedance changes within two predefined lung regions of interest and the whole image.
- Afterward, linear regression analysis was applied to assess the correlation between spirometry data and EIT data collected from individual horses and pooled data.
- The results showed that for individual horses, both data sets significantly predicted spirometry data. The R values ranged from 0.937 to 0.999 and from 0.954 to 0.997 respectively.
- Similar outcomes were found using pooled data from all six horses, with R values of 0.799 and 0.841 respectively.
Conclusion
- The study emphasizes that the method was only tested on healthy, mechanically ventilated horses.
- Ultimately the research concludes that EIT is a viable method for quantifying changes in tidal volume in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Mosing M, Waldmann AD, Raisis A, Böhm SH, Drynan E, Wilson K.
(2018).
Monitoring of tidal ventilation by electrical impedance tomography in anaesthetised horses.
Equine Vet J, 51(2), 222-226.
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12998 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
- Swisstom, Landquart, Switzerland.
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University Hospital, Cologne, Germany.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
MeSH Terms
- Anesthesia / veterinary
- Animals
- Electric Impedance
- Female
- Horses
- Lung / physiology
- Male
- Respiration
- Respiration, Artificial / veterinary
- Tidal Volume / physiology
Grant Funding
- Murdoch University Research in Training Grant
- Comparative Health Research Group (CHRG)
Citations
This article has been cited 15 times.- Andrade FSRM, Ambrósio AM, Rodrigues RR, Faccó LL, Gonçalves LA, Garcia Filho SG, Dos Santos RT, Rossetto TC, Pereira MAA, Fantoni DT. The optimal PEEP after alveolar recruitment maneuver assessed by electrical impedance tomography in healthy horses. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:1024088.
- Brabant OA, Byrne DP, Sacks M, Moreno Martinez F, Raisis AL, Araos JB, Waldmann AD, Schramel JP, Ambrosio A, Hosgood G, Braun C, Auer U, Bleul U, Herteman N, Secombe CJ, Schoster A, Soares J, Beazley S, Meira C, Adler A, Mosing M. Thoracic Electrical Impedance Tomography-The 2022 Veterinary Consensus Statement. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:946911.
- Bleul U, Wey C, Meira C, Waldmann A, Mosing M. Assessment of Postnatal Pulmonary Adaption in Bovine Neonates Using Electric Impedance Tomography (EIT). Animals (Basel) 2021 Nov 10;11(11).
- Herteman N, Mosing M, Waldmann AD, Gerber V, Schoster A. Exercise-induced airflow changes in horses with asthma measured by electrical impedance tomography. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Sep;35(5):2500-2510.
- Pulletz S, Krukewitt L, Gonzales-Rios P, Teschendorf P, Kremeier P, Waldmann A, Zitzmann A, Müller-Graf F, Acosta C, Tusman G, Reuter DA, Böhm SH. Dynamic relative regional strain visualized by electrical impedance tomography in patients suffering from COVID-19. J Clin Monit Comput 2022 Aug;36(4):975-985.
- Sacks M, Byrne DP, Herteman N, Secombe C, Adler A, Hosgood G, Raisis AL, Mosing M. Electrical impedance tomography to measure lung ventilation distribution in healthy horses and horses with left-sided cardiac volume overload. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Sep;35(5):2511-2523.
- Crivellari B, Raisis A, Hosgood G, Waldmann AD, Murphy D, Mosing M. Use of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) to Estimate Tidal Volume in Anaesthetized Horses Undergoing Elective Surgery. Animals (Basel) 2021 May 10;11(5).
- Secombe C, Adler A, Hosgood G, Raisis A, Mosing M. Can bronchoconstriction and bronchodilatation in horses be detected using electrical impedance tomography?. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Jul;35(4):2035-2044.
- Brabant O, Crivellari B, Hosgood G, Raisis A, Waldmann AD, Auer U, Adler A, Smart L, Laurence M, Mosing M. Effects of PEEP on the relationship between tidal volume and total impedance change measured via electrical impedance tomography (EIT). J Clin Monit Comput 2022 Apr;36(2):325-334.
- Zitzmann A, Strübing A, Reuter DA, Waldmann A, Böhm SH, Müller-Graf F. Enhancing tidal volume estimation from electrical impedance tomography (EIT) by applying human anthropometric information. J Clin Monit Comput 2026 Feb;40(1):93-101.
- Bleul U, Kluser F, Waldmann A, Gerspach C. Electrical impedance tomography in calves with bovine respiratory disease: correlations with clinical and blood gas findings. Front Vet Sci 2025;12:1556943.
- Mosing M, Waldmann AD, Gent TC, Hosgood G, Sieber-Ruckstuhl NS, Dennler M, Herrmann P, Unger K. Impact of positive end-expiratory pressure and recruitment maneuver on healthy lungs in dogs assessed by functional and anatomical monitoring methods. Front Vet Sci 2025;12:1545683.
- Cui Z, Liu X, Qu H, Wang H. Technical Principles and Clinical Applications of Electrical Impedance Tomography in Pulmonary Monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2024 Jul 13;24(14).
- Wong AM, Lum HY, Musk GC, Hyndman TH, Waldmann AD, Monks DJ, Bowden RS, Mosing M. Electrical impedance tomography in anaesthetised chickens (Gallus domesticus). Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1202931.
- Brabant O, Karpievitch YV, Gwatimba A, Ditcham W, Ho HY, Raisis A, Mosing M. Thoracic electrical impedance tomography identifies heterogeneity in lungs associated with respiratory disease in cattle. A pilot study. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1275013.
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