FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / J Parasit Dis / Morphomolecular characterization of Strongylus vulgaris isol...
Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology2022; 46(3); 795-803; doi: 10.1007/s12639-022-01498-y

Morphomolecular characterization of Strongylus vulgaris isolated from donkeys with special references to histopathological study on the affected organs.

Abstract: Equine gastrointestinal tract is infected with () which is highly pathogenic parasite for its harmful effect on cranial mesenteric artery during its migration. So, this study was applied for identification of in donkeys ultramorphologically and molecularly. In addition to, detection of the pathological effect of larval stage of on the mesenteric arterial system using histopathology and immunohistochemistry. During the period from September to December; 2019, 60 male and 20 female donkeys at the Giza Zoo was postmortem examined. adults and larvae were collected from the large intestine and cranial mesenteric arteries (CMAs), respectively. Ultramorphological examination of the collected adults was done using scanning electron microscope (SEM). DNA was extracted from 5 larvae and 6 adults for further conventional PCR studies and sequencing of the internal transcriped spacer 2 (ITS2) gene. The ITS2 gene were amplified and showed bands at 148 base pair (bp). The ITS2 gene nucleotide sequences of all isolates were aligned using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). Histological sections of affected mesenteric arteries exhibited the presence of the parasite larvae either in the lumen with thrombus formation or attached to the intima. Most of the detected inflammatory cell populations were CD68-positive cells. From these results, it can be concluded that the ribosomal spacers genes could be used as markers for species identification in eggs collected from equine feces as a beneficial method of diagnosis. Also, it could be important in disease surveillance, improving preventive measures and developing an effective control strategy.
© Indian Society for Parasitology 2022.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2022-06-06 PubMed ID: 36091280PubMed Central: PMC9458839DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01498-yGoogle Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research focused on the identification and effects of a strongylus vulgaris parasite, highly prevalent in donkeys’ gastrointestinal tract, using ultramorphological and molecular techniques. It also delved into the lesions caused by this parasite on the mesenteric arterial system through histopathological and immunohistochemical methods.

Morphological and Molecular Identification

  • The research was carried out on 60 male and 20 female donkeys at the Giza Zoo, examined post-mortem between September and December 2019.
  • Adults and larvae of the strongylus vulgaris were collected from the large intestine and cranial mesenteric arteries respectively.
  • A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the ultramorphology of the collected adults, while their DNA was extracted for conventional PCR studies and the sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) gene.

Alignment and Amplification of the ITS2 Gene

  • The ITS2 gene was amplified and showed bands at 148 base pair (bp).
  • All the isolates’ ITS2 gene nucleotide sequences were aligned using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST).

Pathological Impact of Strongylus Vulgaris on Donkeys

  • In affected mesenteric arteries subjected to histological examination, the larvae of the strongylus vulgaris parasite were observed either inside the lumen with thrombus (blood clot) formation or attached to the intima (innermost layer of a blood vessel).
  • The majority of the detected inflammatory cells in these regions were CD68-positive cells, indicative of inflammation.

Research Conclusion

  • The research concluded that the ribosomal spacers genes, such as the ITS2, could potentially be used as markers to identify the strongylus vulgaris species in eggs collected from equine feces, making it a beneficial diagnostic method.
  • Moreover, gaining a better understanding of the parasite and its effects could play a significant role in disease surveillance, improving preventive measures, and developing an effective control strategy against the parasite.

Cite This Article

APA
El-Gameel SM, Al-Mokaddem AK, Salaeh NMK, Attia MM. (2022). Morphomolecular characterization of Strongylus vulgaris isolated from donkeys with special references to histopathological study on the affected organs. J Parasit Dis, 46(3), 795-803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-022-01498-y

Publication

Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology
ISSN: 0971-7196
NlmUniqueID: 9713059
Country: India
Language: English
Volume: 46
Issue: 3
Pages: 795-803

Researcher Affiliations

El-Gameel, Sohila M
  • Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Giza, Egypt.
Al-Mokaddem, Asmaa K
  • Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt.
Salaeh, Nagla M K
  • Department of Zoology Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.
Attia, Marwa M
  • Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Giza, Egypt.

Conflict of Interest Statement

Conflict of interestAll authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 35 references
  1. Abdel Aziz AR, El Meghanawy RA. Molecular characterization of hydatid cyst from Egyptian one humped camel (Camelus dromedaries). PSM Vet Res 2016;01(1):13–16.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.011850google scholar: lookup
  2. AbdElKader NA, Sheta E, AbuBakr HO. Effects of chitosan nanoparticles, ivermectin and their combination in the treatment of Gasterophilus intestinalis (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) larvae in donkeys (Equus asinus). Int J Trop Insect Sci 2021;41(1):43–54.
    doi: 10.1007/s42690-020-00171-2google scholar: lookup
  3. Andersen UV, Howe DK, Dangoudoubiyam S, Toft N, Reinemeyer CR, Lyons ET, Olsen SN, Monrad J, Nejsum P, Nielsen MK. SvSXP: a Strongylus vulgaris antigen with potential for prepatent diagnosis.. Parasit Vectors 2013 Apr 4;6:84.
    doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-84pmc: PMC3623896pubmed: 23557195google scholar: lookup
  4. Attia MM, Salaeh NMK. Ultrastructure of adult Gasterophilus intestinalis (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) and its puparium. Int J Trop Insect Sci 2020;40:327–335.
    doi: 10.1007/s42690-019-00084-9google scholar: lookup
  5. Attia MM, Salem HM. Morphological and molecular characterization of Pseudolynchia canariensis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) infesting domestic pigeons. Int J Trop Insect Sci 2021.
    doi: 10.1007/s42690-021-00597-2google scholar: lookup
  6. Attia MM, Khalifa MM, Atwa MT. The prevalence and intensity of external and internal parasites in working donkeys (Equus asinus) in Egypt.. Vet World 2018 Sep;11(9):1298-1306.
    doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1298-1306pmc: PMC6200562pubmed: 30410237google scholar: lookup
  7. Attia MM, Soliman SM, Salaeh NMK, Salem HM, Alkafafy M, Saad AM, El-Saadony MT, El-Gameel SM. Evaluation of immune responses and oxidative stress in donkeys: Immunological studies provoked by Parascaris equorum infection.. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022 Apr;29(4):2173-2179.
    doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.044pmc: PMC9072891pubmed: 35531146google scholar: lookup
  8. Attia MM, Abou-Okada M, Shamseldean MSM. Insecticidal effects of curcumin (Curcuma longa) against the horse stomach bot fly, Gasterophilus intestinalis (Diptera: Oestridae). Int J Trop Insect Sci 2022.
    doi: 10.1007/s42690-021-00618-0google scholar: lookup
  9. Bancroft JD, Gamble M. Theory and practice of histological techniques. .
    doi: 10.1097/nen.0b013e31817e2933google scholar: lookup
  10. Borji H, Moosavi Z, Ahmadi F. Cranial Mesenteric Arterial Obstruction Due To Strongylus vulgaris Larvae in a Donkey (Equus asinus).. Iran J Parasitol 2014 Sep;9(3):441-4.
    pmc: PMC4316578pubmed: 25678931
  11. Campbell AJ, Gasser RB, Chilton NB. Differences in a ribosomal DNA sequence of Strongylus species allows identification of single eggs.. Int J Parasitol 1995 Mar;25(3):359-65.
    doi: 10.1016/0020-7519(94)00116-6pubmed: 7601594google scholar: lookup
  12. Dvojnos GM, Harcenko VA. Morphology and differential diagnostics of parasitic larvae of some Strongylidae (Nematoda) of horses.. Angew Parasitol 1990 Feb;31(1):15-28.
    pubmed: 2337250
  13. Gasser RB, Chilton NB, Hoste H, Beveridge I. Rapid sequencing of rDNA from single worms and eggs of parasitic helminths.. Nucleic Acids Res 1993 May 25;21(10):2525-6.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/21.10.2525pmc: PMC309567pubmed: 8506152google scholar: lookup
  14. Gasser RB, Hung GC, Chilton NB, Beveridge I. Advances in developing molecular-diagnostic tools for strongyloid nematodes of equids: fundamental and applied implications.. Mol Cell Probes 2004 Feb;18(1):3-16.
    doi: 10.1016/j.mcp.2003.10.001pubmed: 15036364google scholar: lookup
  15. Getachew M, Trawford A, Feseha G, Reid SW. Gastrointestinal parasites of working donkeys of Ethiopia.. Trop Anim Health Prod 2010 Jan;42(1):27-33.
    doi: 10.1007/s11250-009-9381-0pubmed: 19548106google scholar: lookup
  16. Hilali MA, Mahdy OA, Attia MM. Monthly variations of Rhinoestrus spp. (Diptera: Oestridae) larvae infesting donkeys in Egypt: Morphological and molecular identification of third stage larvae.. J Adv Res 2015 Nov;6(6):1015-21.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2014.12.003pmc: PMC4642159pubmed: 26644940google scholar: lookup
  17. Höglund J, Ljungström BL, Nilsson O, Lundquist H, Osterman E, Uggla A. Occurrence of Gasterophilus intestinalis and some parasitic nematodes of horses in Sweden.. Acta Vet Scand 1997;38(2):157-65.
    doi: 10.1186/BF03548495pmc: PMC8057032pubmed: 9257451google scholar: lookup
  18. Kaspar A, Pfister K, Nielsen MK, Silaghi C, Fink H, Scheuerle MC. Detection of Strongylus vulgaris in equine faecal samples by real-time PCR and larval culture - method comparison and occurrence assessment.. BMC Vet Res 2017 Jan 11;13(1):19.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-016-0918-ypmc: PMC5225560pubmed: 28077153google scholar: lookup
  19. Lichtenfels JR, Kharchenko VA, Dvojnos GM. Illustrated identification keys to strongylid parasites (Strongylidae: Nematoda) of horses, zebras and asses (Equidae).. Vet Parasitol 2008 Sep 15;156(1-2):4-161.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.04.026pubmed: 18603375google scholar: lookup
  20. Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Stamper S, Drudge JH, Granstrom DE, Collins SS. Transmission of some species of internal parasites in horses born in 1990, 1991, and 1992 in the same pasture on a farm in central Kentucky.. Vet Parasitol 1994 Apr;52(3-4):257-69.
    doi: 10.1016/0304-4017(94)90117-1pubmed: 8073609google scholar: lookup
  21. Mahdy OA, Attia MM. Comparative micro-morphological and phylogenetic analysis between Rhinoestrus purpureus and Rhinoestrus usbekistanicus (Diptera: Oestridae) larvae and its adults. Int J Trop Insect Sci 2021.
    doi: 10.1007/s42690-020-00199-4google scholar: lookup
  22. Marinković D, Aleksić-Kovačević S, Krstić V, Knežević M. Morphological findings in the cranial mesenteric artery of horses with verminous arteritis. Acta Vet 2009;59(2–3):231–241.
    doi: 10.2298/AVB0903231Mgoogle scholar: lookup
  23. Maxie MG, Robinson WF. Vascular neoplasms. Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer1s Pathology of Domestic Animals 2007.
  24. Maxie MG, Robinson WF. Vascular neoplasms. Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer1s Pathology of Domestic Animals Volume, 3; 6th edition; 2015.
  25. Morgan SJ, Van Houten DS. The ultrastructure of Strongylus vulgaris-mediated equine chronic mesenteric arteritis.. Vet Res Commun 1990;14(1):41-6.
    doi: 10.1007/BF00346382pubmed: 2316190google scholar: lookup
  26. Morgan SJ, Stromberg PC, Storts RW, Sowa BA, Lay JC. Histology and morphometry of Strongylus vulgaris-mediated equine mesenteric arteritis.. J Comp Pathol 1991 Jan;104(1):89-99.
    doi: 10.1016/s0021-9975(08)80091-6pubmed: 2019679google scholar: lookup
  27. Nielsen MK, Peterson DS, Monrad J, Thamsborg SM, Olsen SN, Kaplan RM. Detection and semi-quantification of Strongylus vulgaris DNA in equine faeces by real-time quantitative PCR.. Int J Parasitol 2008 Mar;38(3-4):443-53.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.07.014pubmed: 17889881google scholar: lookup
  28. Petersen TN, Brunak S, von Heijne G, Nielsen H. SignalP 4.0: discriminating signal peptides from transmembrane regions.. Nat Methods 2011 Sep 29;8(10):785-6.
    doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1701pubmed: 21959131google scholar: lookup
  29. Rooney JR, Robertson JL. Equine Pathology. Ames: Iowa State University Press; 1996. pp. 75–76.
  30. Round MC. The prepatent period of some horse nematodes determined by experimental infection.. J Helminthol 1969;43(1):185-92.
    doi: 10.1017/s0022149x00004016pubmed: 5381124google scholar: lookup
  31. Slocombe JO, McCraw BM, Pennock PW, Vasey J. Effectiveness of ivermectin against later 4th-stage Strongylus vulgaris in ponies.. Am J Vet Res 1982 Sep;43(9):1525-9.
    pubmed: 6897344
  32. Tavassoli M, Arjmand Yamchi J, Hajipour N. A survey on the prevalence of strongyles species in working donkeys in North-West of Iran.. J Parasit Dis 2016 Dec;40(4):1210-1212.
    doi: 10.1007/s12639-015-0651-7pmc: PMC5118277pubmed: 27876916google scholar: lookup
  33. Teixeira WF, Felippelli G, Cruz BC, Maciel WG, Fávero FC, Gomes LV, Buzzulini C, Prando L, Bichuette MA, Lopes WD, Oliveira GP, Costa AJ. Endoparasites of horses from the Formiga city, located in center-west region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2014 Oct-Dec;23(4):534-8.
    doi: 10.1590/s1984-29612014072pubmed: 25517536google scholar: lookup
  34. Tydén E, Enemark HL, Franko MA, Höglund J, Osterman-Lind E. Prevalence of Strongylus vulgaris in horses after ten years of prescription usage of anthelmintics in Sweden.. Vet Parasitol X 2019 Nov;2:100013.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vpoa.2019.100013pmc: PMC7458386pubmed: 32904767google scholar: lookup
  35. Van Vleet JF, Ferrans VJ, McGavin MD, Zachary JF. Pathologic basis of veterinary disease. 4. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2007. Cardiovascular System; pp. 602–606.

Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Attia MM, Ibrahim AM, Sakr OG, Salem HM, Barsoum SS, Kamel M, El Gameel SM. Health status of rabbits infested with sarcoptic mange with different lesion scores. J Parasit Dis 2025 Jun;49(2):334-342.
    doi: 10.1007/s12639-024-01750-7pubmed: 40458511google scholar: lookup
  2. do Carmo TA, Fonseca JDS, Braga FR, Paz-Silva A, de Soutello RVG, de Araújo JV. Exploring the Use of Helminthophagous Fungi in the Control of Helminthoses in Horses: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2025 Mar 18;15(6).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15060864pubmed: 40150393google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,357 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.