FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Bioeng Biotechnol / MSC in Tendon and Joint Disease: The Context-Sensitive Link ...
Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2022; 10; 855095; doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.855095

MSC in Tendon and Joint Disease: The Context-Sensitive Link Between Targets and Therapeutic Mechanisms.

Abstract: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) represent a promising treatment option for tendon disorders and joint diseases, primarily osteoarthritis. Since MSC are highly context-sensitive to their microenvironment, their therapeutic efficacy is influenced by their tissue-specific pathologically altered targets. These include not only cellular components, such as resident cells and invading immunocompetent cells, but also components of the tissue-characteristic extracellular matrix. Although numerous models have already shown potential MSC-related mechanisms of action in tendon and joint diseases, only a limited number reflect the disease-specific microenvironment and allow conclusions about well-directed MSC-based therapies for injured tendon and joint-associated tissues. In both injured tissue types, inflammatory processes play a pivotal pathophysiological role. In this context, MSC-mediated macrophage modulation seems to be an important mode of action across these tissues. Additional target cells of MSC applied in tendon and joint disorders include tenocytes, synoviocytes as well as other invading and resident immune cells. It remains of critical importance whether the context-sensitive interplay between MSC and tissue- and disease-specific targets results in an overall promotion or inhibition of the desired therapeutic effects. This review presents the authors' viewpoint on disease-related targets of MSC therapeutically applied in tendon and joint diseases, focusing on the equine patient as valid animal model.
Copyright © 2022 Roth, Burk, Brehm and Troillet.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2022-04-04 PubMed ID: 35445006PubMed Central: PMC9015188DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.855095Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the potential of using Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for treating tendon disorders and joint diseases like osteoarthritis, focusing on how the therapeutic efficiency of these cells is influenced by their disease-specific microenvironment and the mechanisms of action these cells could have in disease treatment.

Understanding Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs)

  • Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are cells that have the potential to develop into different types of cells, providing them with the ability to repair and regenerate various tissues. This forms the basis of their prospective use in disease treatment.
  • The paper states that MSCs are highly sensitive to their microenvironment, the context they are in, which means their operation, including therapeutic effects, are influenced by the specific environment they are presented with – in this case, disease-altered tissues.

Targets of MSCs in Tendon and Joint Diseases

  • The therapeutic efficacy of MSC is influenced by their tissue-specific pathologically altered targets. These include cellular components such as resident cells and invading immune cells, but also components of the tissue-characteristic extracellular matrix.
  • The paper presents that MSCs’ effectiveness in treating diseases isn’t just about their innate abilities, rather it is also greatly dependent on the altered state of the disease-ridden tissues they are being administered to.

MSC Mechanisms of Action in Tendon and Joint Diseases

  • The document discusses the fact that previous models have shown potential MSC-related mechanisms of action in diseases, though these do not always capture the disease-specific microenvironment which is critical for treatment success.
  • Specifically, in injured tendon and joint tissues, inflammatory processes play a significant role. From this perspective, the modulation of macrophages (a type of white blood cell) by MSCs is considered to be a pivotal mode of action.

Importance of Context-Sensitive Interplay

  • Ultimately, the article highlights the vital exploration of the context-sensitive relationship between MSCs and the specific targets in disease-ridden tissues. Understanding this would illuminate whether therapies would result in the promotion or inhibition of the desired therapeutic effects.
  • The researchers argue for more precise investigation to ascertain how this interplay works for specific diseases, particularly for tendon and joint disorders.

Incorporating an Animal Model

  • Given the complexity of this subject matter, the researchers suggest using the equine (horse) patient as a valid animal model. Such model usage is often critical in establishing a deeper understanding of biological processes, which cannot be readily ascertained from in vitro (test tube) studies or extrapolated from existing models using other animals.

Cite This Article

APA
Roth SP, Burk J, Brehm W, Troillet A. (2022). MSC in Tendon and Joint Disease: The Context-Sensitive Link Between Targets and Therapeutic Mechanisms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 10, 855095. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.855095

Publication

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology
ISSN: 2296-4185
NlmUniqueID: 101632513
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Pages: 855095
PII: 855095

Researcher Affiliations

Roth, Susanne Pauline
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department for Horses, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Burk, Janina
  • Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Brehm, Walter
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department for Horses, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Troillet, Antonia
  • Clinic for Horses, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 55 references
  1. Ackerman JE, Best KT, Muscat SN, Loiselle AE. Metabolic Regulation of Tendon Inflammation and Healing Following Injury.. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021 Feb 10;23(3):15.
    doi: 10.1007/s11926-021-00981-4pmc: PMC7983167pubmed: 33569739google scholar: lookup
  2. Ahrberg AB, Horstmeier C, Berner D, Brehm W, Gittel C, Hillmann A, Josten C, Rossi G, Schubert S, Winter K, Burk J. Effects of mesenchymal stromal cells versus serum on tendon healing in a controlled experimental trial in an equine model.. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018 Jul 18;19(1):230.
    doi: 10.1186/s12891-018-2163-ypmc: PMC6052633pubmed: 30021608google scholar: lookup
  3. Barrachina L, Remacha AR, Romero A, Vitoria A, Albareda J, Prades M, Roca M, Zaragoza P, Vázquez FJ, Rodellar C. Assessment of effectiveness and safety of repeat administration of proinflammatory primed allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in an equine model of chemically induced osteoarthritis.. BMC Vet Res 2018 Aug 17;14(1):241.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1556-3pmc: PMC6098603pubmed: 30119668google scholar: lookup
  4. Becerra P, Valdés Vázquez MA, Dudhia J, Fiske-Jackson AR, Neves F, Hartman NG, Smith RK. Distribution of injected technetium(99m)-labeled mesenchymal stem cells in horses with naturally occurring tendinopathy.. J Orthop Res 2013 Jul;31(7):1096-102.
    doi: 10.1002/jor.22338pubmed: 23508674google scholar: lookup
  5. Berner D, Brehm W, Gerlach K, Gittel C, Offhaus J, Paebst F, Scharner D, Burk J. Longitudinal Cell Tracking and Simultaneous Monitoring of Tissue Regeneration after Cell Treatment of Natural Tendon Disease by Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging.. Stem Cells Int 2016;2016:1207190.
    doi: 10.1155/2016/1207190pmc: PMC4736965pubmed: 26880932google scholar: lookup
  6. Brandt L, Schubert S, Scheibe P, Brehm W, Franzen J, Gross C, Burk J. Tenogenic Properties of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells Are Compromised in an Inflammatory Environment.. Int J Mol Sci 2018 Aug 28;19(9).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms19092549pmc: PMC6163784pubmed: 30154348google scholar: lookup
  7. Broeckx SY, Seys B, Suls M, Vandenberghe A, Mariën T, Adriaensen E, Declercq J, Van Hecke L, Braun G, Hellmann K, Spaas JH. Equine Allogeneic Chondrogenic Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are an Effective Treatment for Degenerative Joint Disease in Horses.. Stem Cells Dev 2019 Mar 15;28(6):410-422.
    doi: 10.1089/scd.2018.0061pmc: PMC6441287pubmed: 30623737google scholar: lookup
  8. Bundgaard L, Stensballe A, Elbæk KJ, Berg LC. Mass spectrometric analysis of the in vitro secretome from equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells to assess the effect of chondrogenic differentiation on response to interleukin-1β treatment.. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020 May 20;11(1):187.
    doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01706-7pmc: PMC7238576pubmed: 32434555google scholar: lookup
  9. Burk J, Glauche SM, Brehm W, Crovace A, Francioso E, Hillmann A, Schubert S, Lacitignola L. Characterisation and intracellular labelling of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from synovial fluid of horses and sheep.. Vet J 2017 Apr;222:1-8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.02.006pubmed: 28410670google scholar: lookup
  10. Cassano JM, Schnabel LV, Goodale MB, Fortier LA. Inflammatory licensed equine MSCs are chondroprotective and exhibit enhanced immunomodulation in an inflammatory environment.. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018 Apr 3;9(1):82.
    doi: 10.1186/s13287-018-0840-2pmc: PMC5883371pubmed: 29615127google scholar: lookup
  11. Cifù A, Domenis R, Pozzi-Mucelli M, Di Benedetto P, Causero A, Moretti M, Stevanato M, Pistis C, Parodi PC, Fabris M, Curcio F. The Exposure to Osteoarthritic Synovial Fluid Enhances the Immunomodulatory Profile of Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome.. Stem Cells Int 2020;2020:4058760.
    doi: 10.1155/2020/4058760pmc: PMC7383307pubmed: 32733572google scholar: lookup
  12. Conze P, van Schie HT, van Weeren R, Staszyk C, Conrad S, Skutella T, Hopster K, Rohn K, Stadler P, Geburek F. Effect of autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on neovascularization of artificial equine tendon lesions.. Regen Med 2014;9(6):743-57.
    doi: 10.2217/rme.14.55pubmed: 25431911google scholar: lookup
  13. Costa-Almeida R, Calejo I, Gomes ME. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Empowering Tendon Regenerative Therapies.. Int J Mol Sci 2019 Jun 19;20(12).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms20123002pmc: PMC6627139pubmed: 31248196google scholar: lookup
  14. Crovace A, Lacitignola L, Rossi G, Francioso E. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of autologous cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow mononucleated cells in collagenase-induced tendinitis of equine superficial digital flexor tendon.. Vet Med Int 2010;2010:250978.
    doi: 10.4061/2010/250978pmc: PMC2859019pubmed: 20445779google scholar: lookup
  15. Culemann S, Grüneboom A, Nicolás-Ávila JÁ, Weidner D, Lämmle KF, Rothe T, Quintana JA, Kirchner P, Krljanac B, Eberhardt M, Ferrazzi F, Kretzschmar E, Schicht M, Fischer K, Gelse K, Faas M, Pfeifle R, Ackermann JA, Pachowsky M, Renner N, Simon D, Haseloff RF, Ekici AB, Bäuerle T, Blasig IE, Vera J, Voehringer D, Kleyer A, Paulsen F, Schett G, Hidalgo A, Krönke G. Locally renewing resident synovial macrophages provide a protective barrier for the joint.. Nature 2019 Aug;572(7771):670-675.
    doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1471-1pmc: PMC6805223pubmed: 31391580google scholar: lookup
  16. de Lange-Brokaar BJ, Ioan-Facsinay A, van Osch GJ, Zuurmond AM, Schoones J, Toes RE, Huizinga TW, Kloppenburg M. Synovial inflammation, immune cells and their cytokines in osteoarthritis: a review.. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012 Dec;20(12):1484-99.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.08.027pubmed: 22960092google scholar: lookup
  17. de Sousa EB, Dos Santos Junior GC, Aguiar RP, da Costa Sartore R, de Oliveira ACL, Almeida FCL, Neto VM, Aguiar DP. Osteoarthritic Synovial Fluid Modulates Cell Phenotype and Metabolic Behavior In Vitro.. Stem Cells Int 2019;2019:8169172.
    doi: 10.1155/2019/8169172pmc: PMC6350599pubmed: 30766606google scholar: lookup
  18. Delling U, Brehm W, Ludewig E, Winter K, Jülke H. Longitudinal evaluation of effects of intra-articular mesenchymal stromal cell administration for the treatment of osteoarthritis in an ovine model.. Cell Transplant 2015;24(11):2391-407.
    doi: 10.3727/096368915X686193pubmed: 25581789google scholar: lookup
  19. Doll CU, Niebert S, Burk J. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Adapt to Chronic Tendon Disease Environment with an Initial Reduction in Matrix Remodeling.. Int J Mol Sci 2021 Nov 26;22(23).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms222312798pmc: PMC8657831pubmed: 34884602google scholar: lookup
  20. Forest VF, Tirouvanziam AM, Perigaud C, Fernandes S, Fusellier MS, Desfontis JC, Toquet CS, Heymann MF, Crochet DP, Lemarchand PF. Cell distribution after intracoronary bone marrow stem cell delivery in damaged and undamaged myocardium: implications for clinical trials.. Stem Cell Res Ther 2010 Mar 15;1(1):4.
    doi: 10.1186/scrt4pmc: PMC2873700pubmed: 20504285google scholar: lookup
  21. Gelberman RH, Linderman SW, Jayaram R, Dikina AD, Sakiyama-Elbert S, Alsberg E, Thomopoulos S, Shen H. Combined Administration of ASCs and BMP-12 Promotes an M2 Macrophage Phenotype and Enhances Tendon Healing.. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2017 Sep;475(9):2318-2331.
    doi: 10.1007/s11999-017-5369-7pmc: PMC5539027pubmed: 28462460google scholar: lookup
  22. Hamilton AM, Cheung WY, Gómez-Aristizábal A, Sharma A, Nakamura S, Chaboureau A, Bhatt S, Rabani R, Kapoor M, Foster PJ, Viswanathan S. Iron nanoparticle-labeled murine mesenchymal stromal cells in an osteoarthritic model persists and suggests anti-inflammatory mechanism of action.. PLoS One 2019;14(12):e0214107.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214107pmc: PMC6890235pubmed: 31794570google scholar: lookup
  23. Haubruck P, Pinto MM, Moradi B, Little CB, Gentek R. Monocytes, Macrophages, and Their Potential Niches in Synovial Joints - Therapeutic Targets in Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis?. Front Immunol 2021;12:763702.
    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763702pmc: PMC8600114pubmed: 34804052google scholar: lookup
  24. Hillmann A, Paebst F, Brehm W, Piehler D, Schubert S, Tárnok A, Burk J. A novel direct co-culture assay analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry reveals context- and cell type-specific immunomodulatory effects of equine mesenchymal stromal cells.. PLoS One 2019;14(6):e0218949.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218949pmc: PMC6597077pubmed: 31247035google scholar: lookup
  25. Hu N, Gao Y, Jayasuriya CT, Liu W, Du H, Ding J, Feng M, Chen Q. Chondrogenic induction of human osteoarthritic cartilage-derived mesenchymal stem cells activates mineralization and hypertrophic and osteogenic gene expression through a mechanomiR.. Arthritis Res Ther 2019 Jul 8;21(1):167.
    doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1949-0pmc: PMC6615283pubmed: 31287025google scholar: lookup
  26. Islam MN, Das SR, Emin MT, Wei M, Sun L, Westphalen K, Rowlands DJ, Quadri SK, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharya J. Mitochondrial transfer from bone-marrow-derived stromal cells to pulmonary alveoli protects against acute lung injury.. Nat Med 2012 Apr 15;18(5):759-65.
    doi: 10.1038/nm.2736pmc: PMC3727429pubmed: 22504485google scholar: lookup
  27. Khan MR, Smith RK, David F, Lam R, Hughes G, De Godoy R, Carr AJ, Goodship AE, Dudhia J. Evaluation of the Effects of Synovial Multipotent Cells on Deep Digital Flexor Tendon Repair in a Large Animal Model of Intra-Synovial Tendinopathy.. J Orthop Res 2020 Jan;38(1):128-138.
    doi: 10.1002/jor.24423pmc: PMC6973225pubmed: 31329308google scholar: lookup
  28. Kim H, Yang G, Park J, Choi J, Kang E, Lee BK. Therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord in rabbit temporomandibular joint model of osteoarthritis.. Sci Rep 2019 Sep 25;9(1):13854.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50435-2pmc: PMC6761110pubmed: 31554894google scholar: lookup
  29. Kondo M, Yamaoka K, Sonomoto K, Fukuyo S, Oshita K, Okada Y, Tanaka Y. IL-17 inhibits chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.. PLoS One 2013;8(11):e79463.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079463pmc: PMC3829852pubmed: 24260226google scholar: lookup
  30. Korntner S, Lehner C, Gehwolf R, Wagner A, Grütz M, Kunkel N, Tempfer H, Traweger A. Limiting angiogenesis to modulate scar formation.. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019 Jun;146:170-189.
    doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.02.010pubmed: 29501628google scholar: lookup
  31. Kwon DR, Park GY, Lee SC. Treatment of Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tendon Tear Using Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Polydeoxyribonucleotides in a Rabbit Model.. Stem Cells Int 2018;2018:7146384.
    doi: 10.1155/2018/7146384pmc: PMC5976913pubmed: 29861743google scholar: lookup
  32. Li J, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yao B, Enhejirigala, Li Z, Song W, Wang Y, Duan X, Yuan X, Fu X, Huang S. Biophysical and Biochemical Cues of Biomaterials Guide Mesenchymal Stem Cell Behaviors.. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021;9:640388.
    doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640388pmc: PMC8027358pubmed: 33842464google scholar: lookup
  33. Liu W, Sun Y, He Y, Zhang H, Zheng Y, Yao Y, Zhang Z. IL-1β impedes the chondrogenic differentiation of synovial fluid mesenchymal stem cells in the human temporomandibular joint.. Int J Mol Med 2017 Feb;39(2):317-326.
    doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2832pmc: PMC5358692pubmed: 28000839google scholar: lookup
  34. Liu X, Zhu B, Li Y, Liu X, Guo S, Wang C, Li S, Wang D. The Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Tendon Healing.. Front Physiol 2021;12:766080.
    doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.766080pmc: PMC8579915pubmed: 34777022google scholar: lookup
  35. Liu Y, Lin L, Zou R, Wen C, Wang Z, Lin F. MSC-derived exosomes promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of chondrocytes via lncRNA-KLF3-AS1/miR-206/GIT1 axis in osteoarthritis.. Cell Cycle 2018;17(21-22):2411-2422.
    doi: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1526603pmc: PMC6342066pubmed: 30324848google scholar: lookup
  36. Manferdini C, Paolella F, Gabusi E, Cattini L, Rojewski M, Schrezenmeier H, Addimanda O, Meliconi R, Lisignoli G. Osteoarthritic Milieu Affects Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.. J Orthop Res 2020 Feb;38(2):336-347.
    doi: 10.1002/jor.24446pmc: PMC7003792pubmed: 31424111google scholar: lookup
  37. Manferdini C, Paolella F, Gabusi E, Gambari L, Piacentini A, Filardo G, Fleury-Cappellesso S, Barbero A, Murphy M, Lisignoli G. Adipose stromal cells mediated switching of the pro-inflammatory profile of M1-like macrophages is facilitated by PGE2: in vitro evaluation.. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017 Jul;25(7):1161-1171.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.01.011pubmed: 28153787google scholar: lookup
  38. Manning CN, Martel C, Sakiyama-Elbert SE, Silva MJ, Shah S, Gelberman RH, Thomopoulos S. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells modulate tendon fibroblast responses to macrophage-induced inflammation in vitro.. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015 Apr 16;6(1):74.
    doi: 10.1186/s13287-015-0059-4pmc: PMC4416344pubmed: 25889287google scholar: lookup
  39. Melzer M, Schubert S, Müller SF, Geyer J, Hagen A, Niebert S, Burk J. Rho/ROCK Inhibition Promotes TGF-β3-Induced Tenogenic Differentiation in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.. Stem Cells Int 2021;2021:8284690.
    doi: 10.1155/2021/8284690pmc: PMC8519677pubmed: 34659420google scholar: lookup
  40. Neefjes M, Housmans BAC, van Beuningen HM, Vitters EL, van den Akker GGH, Welting TJM, van Caam APM, van der Kraan PM. Prediction of the Effect of the Osteoarthritic Joint Microenvironment on Cartilage Repair.. Tissue Eng Part A 2022 Jan;28(1-2):27-37.
    doi: 10.1089/ten.TEA.2021.0051pubmed: 34039008google scholar: lookup
  41. Okamoto N, Kushida T, Oe K, Umeda M, Ikehara S, Iida H. Treating Achilles tendon rupture in rats with bone-marrow-cell transplantation therapy.. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010 Dec 1;92(17):2776-84.
    doi: 10.2106/JBJS.I.01325pubmed: 21123607google scholar: lookup
  42. Romero A, Barrachina L, Ranera B, Remacha AR, Moreno B, de Blas I, Sanz A, Vázquez FJ, Vitoria A, Junquera C, Zaragoza P, Rodellar C. Comparison of autologous bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells, and platelet rich plasma, for treating surgically induced lesions of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon.. Vet J 2017 Jun;224:76-84.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.04.005pubmed: 28697880google scholar: lookup
  43. Roth SP, Schubert S, Scheibe P, Groß C, Brehm W, Burk J. Growth Factor-Mediated Tenogenic Induction of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Is Altered by the Microenvironment of Tendon Matrix.. Cell Transplant 2018 Oct;27(10):1434-1450.
    doi: 10.1177/0963689718792203pmc: PMC6180728pubmed: 30251565google scholar: lookup
  44. Satué M, Schüler C, Ginner N, Erben RG. Intra-articularly injected mesenchymal stem cells promote cartilage regeneration, but do not permanently engraft in distant organs.. Sci Rep 2019 Jul 12;9(1):10153.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46554-5pmc: PMC6626061pubmed: 31300685google scholar: lookup
  45. Scanzello CR, Goldring SR. The role of synovitis in osteoarthritis pathogenesis.. Bone 2012 Aug;51(2):249-57.
    doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.02.012pmc: PMC3372675pubmed: 22387238google scholar: lookup
  46. Schnabel LV, Lynch ME, van der Meulen MC, Yeager AE, Kornatowski MA, Nixon AJ. Mesenchymal stem cells and insulin-like growth factor-I gene-enhanced mesenchymal stem cells improve structural aspects of healing in equine flexor digitorum superficialis tendons.. J Orthop Res 2009 Oct;27(10):1392-8.
    doi: 10.1002/jor.20887pubmed: 19350658google scholar: lookup
  47. Shen H, Kormpakis I, Havlioglu N, Linderman SW, Sakiyama-Elbert SE, Erickson IE, Zarembinski T, Silva MJ, Gelberman RH, Thomopoulos S. The effect of mesenchymal stromal cell sheets on the inflammatory stage of flexor tendon healing.. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016 Sep 27;7(1):144.
    doi: 10.1186/s13287-016-0406-0pmc: PMC5039894pubmed: 27677963google scholar: lookup
  48. Smith RK, Werling NJ, Dakin SG, Alam R, Goodship AE, Dudhia J. Beneficial effects of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in naturally occurring tendinopathy.. PLoS One 2013;8(9):e75697.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075697pmc: PMC3783421pubmed: 24086616google scholar: lookup
  49. Sole A, Spriet M, Padgett KA, Vaughan B, Galuppo LD, Borjesson DL, Wisner ER, Vidal MA. Distribution and persistence of technetium-99 hexamethyl propylene amine oxime-labelled bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in experimentally induced tendon lesions after intratendinous injection and regional perfusion of the equine distal limb.. Equine Vet J 2013 Nov;45(6):726-31.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12063pubmed: 23574488google scholar: lookup
  50. Song H, Zhao J, Cheng J, Feng Z, Wang J, Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Liang Y. Extracellular Vesicles in chondrogenesis and Cartilage regeneration.. J Cell Mol Med 2021 Jun;25(11):4883-4892.
    doi: 10.1111/jcmm.16290pmc: PMC8178250pubmed: 33942981google scholar: lookup
  51. van Dalen SCM, Blom AB, Walgreen B, Slöetjes AW, Helsen MMA, Geven EJW, Ter Huurne M, Vogl T, Roth J, van de Loo FAJ, Koenders MI, Casteilla L, van der Kraan PM, van den Bosch MHJ, van Lent PLEM. IL-1β-Mediated Activation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Results in PMN Reallocation and Enhanced Phagocytosis: A Possible Mechanism for the Reduction of Osteoarthritis Pathology.. Front Immunol 2019;10:1075.
    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01075pmc: PMC6545928pubmed: 31191517google scholar: lookup
  52. van den Bosch MHJ. Osteoarthritis year in review 2020: biology.. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021 Feb;29(2):143-150.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.10.006pubmed: 33242602google scholar: lookup
  53. Vieira MH, Oliveira RJ, Eça LP, Pereira IS, Hermeto LC, Matuo R, Fernandes WS, Silva RA, Antoniolli AC. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells to treat Achilles tendon injuries.. Genet Mol Res 2014 Dec 12;13(4):10434-49.
    doi: 10.4238/2014.December.12.5pubmed: 25511027google scholar: lookup
  54. Witwer KW, Van Balkom BWM, Bruno S, Choo A, Dominici M, Gimona M, Hill AF, De Kleijn D, Koh M, Lai RC, Mitsialis SA, Ortiz LA, Rohde E, Asada T, Toh WS, Weiss DJ, Zheng L, Giebel B, Lim SK. Defining mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles for therapeutic applications.. J Extracell Vesicles 2019;8(1):1609206.
    doi: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1609206pmc: PMC6493293pubmed: 31069028google scholar: lookup
  55. Yuksel S, Guleç MA, Gultekin MZ, Adanır O, Caglar A, Beytemur O, Onur Küçükyıldırım B, Avcı A, Subaşı C, İnci Ç, Karaoz E. Comparison of the early period effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma on the Achilles tendon ruptures in rats.. Connect Tissue Res 2016 Sep;57(5):360-73.
    doi: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1189909pubmed: 27191749google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Mayet A, Zablotski Y, Roth SP, Brehm W, Troillet A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of positive long-term effects after intra-articular administration of orthobiologic therapeutics in horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis.. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1125695.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1125695pubmed: 36908512google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.