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Frontiers in microbiology2021; 12; 646294; doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.646294

Multidimensional Approach for Investigating the Effects of an Antibiotic-Probiotic Combination on the Equine Hindgut Ecosystem and Microbial Fibrolysis.

Abstract: The equine hindgut ecosystem is specialized in dietary fibers' fermentation to provide horses' energy and contribute to its health. Nevertheless, antibiotics are known to disrupt the hindgut microbiota, affecting the fibrolytic activity of bacteria and the intestinal immune balance, leading to diseases. This study used a general and comprehensive approach for characterizing the hindgut ecosystem of 9 healthy horses over 28 days in response to a 5-day challenge with oral trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (TMS), with a special emphasis on microbial fibrolytic activity and the host immune response. Horses were supplemented with two doses of , (formerly ), and blend or a placebo in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Changes in fecal microbiota were investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing. was quantified in feces using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Anaerobic microbiological culture was used to enumerate functional bacterial groups (cellulolytic, amylolytic, and lactic acid-utilizing). The environmental dimensions were assessed by measuring the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and lactic acid using biochemical methods, and changes in pH and dry matter weight. Systemic and local inflammation was evaluated by determination of cytokine and immunoglobulin (Ig)A concentrations in the serum and secretory IgA (SIgA) concentrations in the feces using immuno-enzymatic methods. Oral TMS treatment strongly altered the whole hindgut ecosystem by 2 days after the first administration. Bacterial diversity decreased in proportion to the relative abundance of fibrolytic genera, which coincided with the decrease in the concentration of cellulolytic bacteria. At the same time, the composition of microbiota members was reorganized in terms of relative abundances, probably to support the alteration in fibrolysis. DNA was not found in these horses, but the relative abundances of several potential pathobiont genera increased. 2 days after the first TMS administration, fecal concentrations of VFAs and SIgA increased in parallel with fecal water content, suggesting an alteration of the integrity of the hindgut mucosa. Recovery in bacterial composition, functions, and immune biomarkers took 2-9 days after the end of TMS administration. Supplementation with this bacterial blend did not limit bacterial alteration but might have interesting mucosal immunomodulatory effects.
Copyright © 2021 Collinet, Grimm, Julliand and Julliand.
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Publication Date: 2021-03-25 PubMed ID: 33841371PubMed Central: PMC8027512DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.646294Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research aims to investigate how an antibiotic-probiotic combination impacts the gut ecosystem in horses, particularly the microbial activity related to fiber digestion. The study assessed effects on nine healthy horses over 28 days, focusing on implications for the horse’s immune response and fibrolytic action of bacteria in the hindgut.

Research Methodology

  • The research utilized a comprehensive approach to understand the horse’s hindgut ecosystem, with a focus on the bacterial activity converting dietary fibers to energy—critical for the horse’s health and well-being.
  • The study involved nine horses in good health over a period of 28 days. During this period, the horses received a 5-day dose of an antibiotic called trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (TMS).
  • Added to the horse’s diet was a blend of three different types of bacteria, delivered in two different doses or a placebo, under a 3×3 Latin square design to control the variables.
  • Key to the study were measurements of microbial changes, evidenced through 16S rRNA sequencing. The changes in environmental conditions such as lactic acid and volatile fatty acids concentration, fecal matter pH, and dryness were assessed.
  • Immune response markers and inflammation signals, like cytokines, IgA concentration in serum, and SIgA in feces, were also recorded using immuno-enzymatic methods.

Findings & Conclusion

  • The analysis indicated that the TMS antibiotic substantially altered the hindgut ecosystem by the second day after administration. This included a decrease in bacterial diversity and the prevalence of bacteria involved in fiber digestion.
  • The composition of microbiota members was reorganized in response to this alteration, possibly in an attempt to support fibrolysis.
  • Markers of inflammation also pointed towards alterations in the hindgut’s mucosal integrity. This was inferred from the increased fecal concentrations of volatile fatty acids, secretory IgA, and the content of water in feces.
  • Recovery in the bacterial composition, its functions, and immune biomarkers took between 2 to 9 days after the end of the antibiotic administration.
  • The supplementation with probiotics did not significantly limit the changes caused by the antibiotics, but it seemed to have positive effects on mucosal immune modulation, which could be a topic for future studies.

Cite This Article

APA
Collinet A, Grimm P, Julliand S, Julliand V. (2021). Multidimensional Approach for Investigating the Effects of an Antibiotic-Probiotic Combination on the Equine Hindgut Ecosystem and Microbial Fibrolysis. Front Microbiol, 12, 646294. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.646294

Publication

Frontiers in microbiology
ISSN: 1664-302X
NlmUniqueID: 101548977
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Pages: 646294
PII: 646294

Researcher Affiliations

Collinet, Axelle
  • Lab To Field, Dijon, France.
  • Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, Dijon, France.
Grimm, Pauline
  • Lab To Field, Dijon, France.
Julliand, Samy
  • Lab To Field, Dijon, France.
Julliand, Véronique
  • Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, Dijon, France.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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