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Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health2004; 51(10); 455-458; doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00799.x

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for identification and differentiation of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and Streptococcus equi subsp. equi.

Abstract: The closely related streptococcal species Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and S. equi subsp. equi were identified by polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide primers designed according to species-specific parts of the superoxide dismutase A encoding gene sodA. A further differentiation of both subspecies could be performed by amplification of the genes seeH and seeI encoding the exotoxins SeeH and SeeI, respectively, which could be detected for S. equi subsp. equi but not for S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus. A further simplification of the identification and differentiation of both subspecies was conducted by sodA-seeI multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
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Publication Date: 2004-12-21 PubMed ID: 15606870DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00799.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study investigates the use of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in identifying and differentiating two closely related species of Streptococcus bacteria. The method entails design of oligonucleotide primers based on species-specific regions of the gene encoding superoxide dismutase A (sodA) and also employs amplification of exotoxin-encoding genes for further differentiation.

Identifying the Two Streptococcus Subspecies

  • The two bacterial species involved in the study, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and S. equi subsp. equi, are closely related, which makes their identification quite challenging.
  • One of the primary strategies used here is PCR. This is a technique typically used in molecular biology to amplify a single or few copies of a piece of DNA, allowing researchers to create thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.
  • The researchers made use of oligonucleotide primers designed according to species-specific parts of the sodA gene, which encodes the superoxide dismutase A enzyme. These primers are used to initiate the DNA synthesis in PCR and by designing them based on species-specific sequences, it aids in the identification and differentiation of the two bacteria species.

Further Differentiation of Streptococcus Subspecies

  • Further differentiation between the two subspecies was accomplished by amplifying the genes seeH and seeI, which encode for the exotoxins SeeH and SeeI respectively.
  • These exotoxins could be detected in the case of S. equi subsp. equi, but not for S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus, serving as a distinguishing feature between the two.
  • Exotoxins are toxic substances secreted by bacteria and serve as an important facet in their pathogenicity. As such, it is crucial to identify and understand these toxin-coding genes in bacterial species.

Simplified Identification Through sodA-seeI Multiplex PCR

  • The final part of their methodology involved a further simplistic approach to identification and differentiation, accomplished using sodA-seeI multiplex PCR.
  • Multiplex PCR is an advanced form of PCR, which allows the amplification of multiple target sequences in a single PCR experiment – this saves time and resources spent on multiple individual PCR reactions.
  • By targeting the sodA and seeI genes simultaneously in a single PCR reaction, the researchers were able to efficiently differentiate between the two Streptococcus species.

Cite This Article

APA
Alber J, El-Sayed A, Lämmler C, Hassan AA, Weiss R, Zschöck M. (2004). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for identification and differentiation of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and Streptococcus equi subsp. equi. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health, 51(10), 455-458. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00799.x

Publication

Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health
ISSN: 0931-1793
NlmUniqueID: 100955260
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 51
Issue: 10
Pages: 455-458

Researcher Affiliations

Alber, J
  • Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurterstr. 107, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
El-Sayed, A
    Lämmler, C
      Hassan, A A
        Weiss, R
          Zschöck, M

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • DNA Primers
            • Genes, Bacterial
            • Germany / epidemiology
            • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
            • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
            • Horse Diseases / microbiology
            • Horses
            • Phylogeny
            • Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
            • Predictive Value of Tests
            • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / analysis
            • Streptococcal Infections / epidemiology
            • Streptococcal Infections / veterinary
            • Streptococcus equi / genetics
            • Streptococcus equi / isolation & purification

            Citations

            This article has been cited 21 times.
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