FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. A, Comparative physiology1990; 97(2); 249-251; doi: 10.1016/0300-9629(90)90180-z

Muscle buffering capacity and dipeptide content in the thoroughbred horse, greyhound dog and man.

Abstract: 1. Muscle buffering capacity (beta m) and dipeptide content were measured in locomotory muscles of the Thoroughbred horse, Greyhound dog and Man. 2. Beta m and carnosine contents were highest in the horse. Anserine was only found in dog muscle. 3. The higher beta m in horse and dog muscle, compared with man, appears to be predominantly due to higher muscle contents of histidine containing dipeptides in these species.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1990-01-01 PubMed ID: 1982938DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(90)90180-zGoogle Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research studies the muscle buffering capacity and dipeptide content in thoroughbred horses, greyhound dogs, and humans. The results reveal that horses have the highest buffering capacity and dipeptide content, while dogs were the only specimen with detectable levels of the dipeptide, anserine.

Understanding Buffering Capacity and Dipeptide Content

  • Buffering capacity in this context refers to the ability of muscle to resist changes in acidity or pH during exercise. Increased buffering capacity allows for longer periods of intense physical activity.
  • Dipeptides are pairs of amino acids. The studied dipeptides, carnosine and anserine, have buffering properties in muscle tissue. Carnosine is found in most mammals, including horses and humans but the study reveals that anserine was only found in dogs.

Comparative Analysis Across Species

  • The study compares the muscle buffering capacities and dipeptide contents of thoroughbred horses, greyhound dogs, and humans.
  • The results show that horses possess the highest buffering capacity and carnosine content of the three species. Humans had lower levels of these aspects, while the greyhound dogs were the only species with detectable levels of anserine.

Implications of the Research

  • This research implies that the high performance of thoroughbred horses and greyhound dogs in physical activities could be due to their higher muscle buffering capacities.
  • Higher buffering capacity can lead to increased physical endurance and performance as it allows for prolonged periods of intense physical activity by resisting changes in muscle acidity or pH.
  • The presence of anserine only in greyhound dogs could also add an additional layer to their physical capabilities but requires further research for confirmation.

Contributions to Science

  • The research presents an insightful comparison of muscle biochemistry across different species, enhancing understanding of the differences in their physical capabilities and performances.
  • The findings can be instrumental in areas like animal physiology, sports science, and in designing more effective physical training or therapies for humans.

Cite This Article

APA
Harris RC, Marlin DJ, Dunnett M, Snow DH, Hultman E. (1990). Muscle buffering capacity and dipeptide content in the thoroughbred horse, greyhound dog and man. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol, 97(2), 249-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(90)90180-z

Publication

Comparative biochemistry and physiology. A, Comparative physiology
ISSN: 0300-9629
NlmUniqueID: 1276312
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 97
Issue: 2
Pages: 249-251

Researcher Affiliations

Harris, R C
  • Department of Comparative Physiology, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, U.K.
Marlin, D J
    Dunnett, M
      Snow, D H
        Hultman, E

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Anserine / metabolism
          • Buffers
          • Carnosine / metabolism
          • Dogs
          • Horses
          • Humans
          • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
          • Muscles / metabolism

          Citations

          This article has been cited 37 times.
          1. DE Araujo Pessôa K, Cholewa JM, Sousasilva R, Xia Z, Zagatto AM, Lancha-Jr AH, Lauver JD, Rossi FE, Zanchi NE. Does Beta-Alanine Supplementation Potentiate Muscle Performance Following 6 Weeks of Blood Flow Restriction or Traditional Resistance Training?. Int J Exerc Sci 2023;16(2):999-1011.
            pubmed: 37650035
          2. Creighton JV, de Souza Gonçalves L, Artioli GG, Tan D, Elliott-Sale KJ, Turner MD, Doig CL, Sale C. Physiological Roles of Carnosine in Myocardial Function and Health. Adv Nutr 2022 Oct 2;13(5):1914-1929.
            doi: 10.1093/advances/nmac059pubmed: 35689661google scholar: lookup
          3. Sarkar PK, Egusa A, Matsuzaki M, Sasanami T. Effect of Anserine and Carnosine on Sperm Motility in the Japanese Quail. J Poult Sci 2021;58(3):186-191.
            doi: 10.2141/jpsa.0200071pubmed: 34447283google scholar: lookup
          4. Qi B, Wang J, Hu M, Ma Y, Wu S, Qi G, Qiu K, Zhang H. Influences of Beta-Alanine and l-Histidine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Carnosine Content, and mRNA Expression of Carnosine-Related Enzymes in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jul 31;11(8).
            doi: 10.3390/ani11082265pubmed: 34438723google scholar: lookup
          5. Wang CY, Li YR, Pan C, Chen J, Jiang W, Li WN, Zhang XL, Liao Z, Yan XJ. Quantitative analysis of carnosine, anserine, and homocarnosine in skeletal muscle of aquatic species from east China sea. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021 Mar;25:100880.
            doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100880pubmed: 33385068google scholar: lookup
          6. Zhao J, Conklin DJ, Guo Y, Zhang X, Obal D, Guo L, Jagatheesan G, Katragadda K, He L, Yin X, Prodhan MAI, Shah J, Hoetker D, Kumar A, Kumar V, Wempe MF, Bhatnagar A, Baba SP. Cardiospecific Overexpression of ATPGD1 (Carnosine Synthase) Increases Histidine Dipeptide Levels and Prevents Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. J Am Heart Assoc 2020 Jun 16;9(12):e015222.
            doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.015222pubmed: 32515247google scholar: lookup
          7. Moro J, Tomé D, Schmidely P, Demersay TC, Azzout-Marniche D. Histidine: A Systematic Review on Metabolism and Physiological Effects in Human and Different Animal Species. Nutrients 2020 May 14;12(5).
            doi: 10.3390/nህ1414pubmed: 32423010google scholar: lookup
          8. Dolan E, Saunders B, Dantas WS, Murai IH, Roschel H, Artioli GG, Harris R, Bicudo JEPW, Sale C, Gualano B. A Comparative Study of Hummingbirds and Chickens Provides Mechanistic Insight on the Histidine Containing Dipeptide Role in Skeletal Muscle Metabolism. Sci Rep 2018 Oct 3;8(1):14788.
            doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32636-3pubmed: 30283073google scholar: lookup
          9. De Smet S, Van Thienen R, Deldicque L, James R, Sale C, Bishop DJ, Hespel P. Nitrate Intake Promotes Shift in Muscle Fiber Type Composition during Sprint Interval Training in Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2016;7:233.
            doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00233pubmed: 27378942google scholar: lookup
          10. Hoffman JR, Stout JR, Harris RC, Moran DS. β-Alanine supplementation and military performance. Amino Acids 2015 Dec;47(12):2463-74.
            doi: 10.1007/s00726-015-2051-9pubmed: 26206727google scholar: lookup
          11. de Godoy MR, Beloshapka AN, Carter RA, Fascetti AJ, Yu Z, McIntosh BJ, Swanson KS, Buff PR. Acute changes in blood metabolites and amino acid profile post-exercise in Foxhound dogs fed a high endurance formula. J Nutr Sci 2014;3:e33.
            doi: 10.1017/jns.2014.46pubmed: 26101602google scholar: lookup
          12. Hoffman JR, Landau G, Stout JR, Hoffman MW, Shavit N, Rosen P, Moran DS, Fukuda DH, Shelef I, Carmom E, Ostfeld I. β-Alanine ingestion increases muscle carnosine content and combat specific performance in soldiers. Amino Acids 2015 Mar;47(3):627-36.
            doi: 10.1007/s00726-014-1896-7pubmed: 25510839google scholar: lookup
          13. Mero AA, Hirvonen P, Saarela J, Hulmi JJ, Hoffman JR, Stout JR. Effect of sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine supplementation on maximal sprint swimming. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013 Nov 11;10(1):52.
            doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-52pubmed: 24215679google scholar: lookup
          14. Ghiasvand R, Askari G, Malekzadeh J, Hajishafiee M, Daneshvar P, Akbari F, Bahreynian M. Effects of Six Weeks of β-alanine Administration on VO(2) max, Time to Exhaustion and Lactate Concentrations in Physical Education Students. Int J Prev Med 2012 Aug;3(8):559-63.
            pubmed: 22973486
          15. Caruso J, Charles J, Unruh K, Giebel R, Learmonth L, Potter W. Ergogenic effects of β-alanine and carnosine: proposed future research to quantify their efficacy. Nutrients 2012 Jul;4(7):585-601.
            doi: 10.3390/n䁰585pubmed: 22852051google scholar: lookup
          16. Sale C, Hill CA, Ponte J, Harris RC. β-alanine supplementation improves isometric endurance of the knee extensor muscles. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2012 Jun 14;9(1):26.
            doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-9-26pubmed: 22697405google scholar: lookup
          17. Miyaji T, Sato M, Maemura H, Takahata Y, Morimatsu F. Expression profiles of carnosine synthesis-related genes in mice after ingestion of carnosine or ß-alanine. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2012 Apr 17;9(1):15.
            doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-9-15pubmed: 22510233google scholar: lookup
          18. Harris RC, Wise JA, Price KA, Kim HJ, Kim CK, Sale C. Determinants of muscle carnosine content. Amino Acids 2012 Jul;43(1):5-12.
            doi: 10.1007/s00726-012-1233-ypubmed: 22327512google scholar: lookup
          19. Hobson RM, Saunders B, Ball G, Harris RC, Sale C. Effects of β-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: a meta-analysis. Amino Acids 2012 Jul;43(1):25-37.
            doi: 10.1007/s00726-011-1200-zpubmed: 22270875google scholar: lookup
          20. Culbertson JY, Kreider RB, Greenwood M, Cooke M. Effects of beta-alanine on muscle carnosine and exercise performance: a review of the current literature. Nutrients 2010 Jan;2(1):75-98.
            doi: 10.3390/n‐075pubmed: 22253993google scholar: lookup
          21. Baguet A, Everaert I, De Naeyer H, Reyngoudt H, Stegen S, Beeckman S, Achten E, Vanhee L, Volkaert A, Petrovic M, Taes Y, Derave W. Effects of sprint training combined with vegetarian or mixed diet on muscle carnosine content and buffering capacity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011 Oct;111(10):2571-80.
            doi: 10.1007/s00421-011-1877-4pubmed: 21373871google scholar: lookup
          22. Bishop D. Dietary supplements and team-sport performance. Sports Med 2010 Dec 1;40(12):995-1017.
            doi: 10.2165/11536870-000000000-00000pubmed: 21058748google scholar: lookup
          23. Derave W, Everaert I, Beeckman S, Baguet A. Muscle carnosine metabolism and beta-alanine supplementation in relation to exercise and training. Sports Med 2010 Mar 1;40(3):247-63.
            doi: 10.2165/11530310-000000000-00000pubmed: 20199122google scholar: lookup
          24. Baguet A, Koppo K, Pottier A, Derave W. Beta-alanine supplementation reduces acidosis but not oxygen uptake response during high-intensity cycling exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010 Feb;108(3):495-503.
            doi: 10.1007/s00421-009-1225-0pubmed: 19841932google scholar: lookup
          25. Bishop D, Edge J, Mendez-Villanueva A, Thomas C, Schneiker K. High-intensity exercise decreases muscle buffer capacity via a decrease in protein buffering in human skeletal muscle. Pflugers Arch 2009 Sep;458(5):929-36.
            doi: 10.1007/s00424-009-0673-zpubmed: 19415322google scholar: lookup
          26. Stout JR, Graves BS, Smith AE, Hartman MJ, Cramer JT, Beck TW, Harris RC. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue in elderly (55-92 Years): a double-blind randomized study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2008 Nov 7;5:21.
            doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-5-21pubmed: 18992136google scholar: lookup
          27. Smith AE, Moon JR, Kendall KL, Graef JL, Lockwood CM, Walter AA, Beck TW, Cramer JT, Stout JR. The effects of beta-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on neuromuscular fatigue and muscle function. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009 Feb;105(3):357-63.
            doi: 10.1007/s00421-008-0911-7pubmed: 18989693google scholar: lookup
          28. Wittnich C, Su J, Boscarino C, Belanger M. Age-related differences in myocardial hydrogen ion buffering during ischemia. Mol Cell Biochem 2006 Apr;285(1-2):61-7.
            doi: 10.1007/s11010-005-9055-9pubmed: 16477378google scholar: lookup
          29. Fraser JA, Middlebrook CE, Usher-Smith JA, Schwiening CJ, Huang CL. The effect of intracellular acidification on the relationship between cell volume and membrane potential in amphibian skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2005 Mar 15;563(Pt 3):745-64.
            doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.079657pubmed: 15618273google scholar: lookup
          30. Pösö AR. Monocarboxylate transporters and lactate metabolism in equine athletes: a review. Acta Vet Scand 2002;43(2):63-74.
            doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-43-63pubmed: 12173504google scholar: lookup
          31. Nagasawa T, Yonekura T, Nishizawa N, Kitts DD. In vitro and in vivo inhibition of muscle lipid and protein oxidation by carnosine. Mol Cell Biochem 2001 Sep;225(1-):29-34.
            doi: 10.1023/a:1012256521840pubmed: 11716361google scholar: lookup
          32. Chan WK, Decker EA, Chow CK, Boissonneault GA. Effect of dietary carnosine on plasma and tissue antioxidant concentrations and on lipid oxidation in rat skeletal muscle. Lipids 1994 Jul;29(7):461-6.
            doi: 10.1007/BF02578242pubmed: 7968266google scholar: lookup
          33. Green S, Dawson BT, Goodman C, Carey MF. Y-intercept of the maximal work-duration relationship and anaerobic capacity in cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1994;69(6):550-6.
            doi: 10.1007/BF00239874pubmed: 7713077google scholar: lookup
          34. Sewell DA, Harris RC, Marlin DJ, Dunnett M. Estimation of the carnosine content of different fibre types in the middle gluteal muscle of the thoroughbred horse. J Physiol 1992 Sep;455:447-53.
            doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019310pubmed: 1484359google scholar: lookup
          35. Sedeño J, Ruiz S, Martín G, Gardón JC. Hematological, Enzymatic, and Endocrine Response to Intense Exercise in Lidia Breed Cattle During the Roping Bull Bullfighting Celebration. Animals (Basel) 2025 Aug 6;15(15).
            doi: 10.3390/ani15152303pubmed: 40805093google scholar: lookup
          36. Child R. Comment on Cesak et al. Carnosine and Beta-Alanine Supplementation in Human Medicine: Narrative Review and Critical Assessment. Nutrients2023, 15, 1770. Nutrients 2024 Aug 2;16(15).
            doi: 10.3390/nu16152522pubmed: 39125401google scholar: lookup
          37. Pan Y, Spears JK, Xu H, Bhatnagar S. Effects of a therapeutic weight loss diet on weight loss and metabolic health in overweight and obese dogs. J Anim Sci 2023 Jan 3;101.
            doi: 10.1093/jas/skad183pubmed: 37279537google scholar: lookup
          Subscribe to our newsletter
          Join 100,191 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.