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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J / Muscle characteristics in standardbreds of different ages an...
Equine veterinary journal1993; 25(2); 143-146; doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02925.x

Muscle characteristics in standardbreds of different ages and sexes.

Abstract: Biopsy samples were taken from the middle gluteal muscle in 107 health Standardbred horses. The horses were separated according to sex and divided into 4 age groups (1, 2, 3 and 4-6 years). The proportion of Type I fibres increased with age (from 16 to 20%), irrespective of sex. The proportions of Type IIA and IIB fibres varied with age and differed between stallions and mares. Type IIA fibres increased in mares from 37 to 47% and in stallions from 40 to 48% and Type IIB fibres decreased from 49 to 34% in mares, and from 43 to 30% in stallions. Mares and stallions did not differ in enzyme activities, which changed with age. The activity of citrate synthase increased from 30 to 62 mmol/kg/min and that of lactate dehydrogenase decreased from 1,930 to 1,565 mmol/kg/min. The relative area of each fibre type was measured in biopsy samples from 7 mares and 7 stallions aged 1 year and 7 mares and 11 stallions aged 4-6 years. The relative areas of Type IIA and IIB fibres changed with age and differed between sexes. The relative area of Type IIA fibres increased in mares from 30 to 35% and in stallions from 33 to 47% and that of Type IIB fibres decreased in mares from 63 to 54% and in stallions from 55 to 38% between the ages of 1 and 4-6 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Publication Date: 1993-03-01 PubMed ID: 8467774DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02925.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

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This research paper studies muscle fibre types and enzyme activities in various age groups and sexes of Standardbred horses. It shows that muscle fibre composition and enzyme activity change both with age and between mares and stallions.

Subject and Sampling

  • The research was conducted on healthy Standardbred horses, with the subjects divided into different groups based on their ages and sexes.
  • Biopsy samples were taken from the middle gluteal muscle, a large muscle present in the horse’s hindquarters.
  • The horses were divided into four age groups of 1, 2, 3 and 4-6 years, with data collected from both mares and stallions.

Fibre Type Changes with Age and Sex

  • The study shows that the proportion of Type I fibres increased with age (from 16 to 20%) in all horses regardless of sex.
  • The proportion of Type IIA and IIB fibres saw variations across different ages, and ratios differed between mares and stallions.
  • The percentage of Type IIA fibres increased in mares from 37% to 47% and in stallions from 40% to 48%.
  • The percentage of Type IIB fibres decreased in mares from 49% to 34%, and in stallions, from 43% to 30%.

Changes in Enzyme Activities

  • The study found that enzyme activities did not incur significant differences between mares and stallions, but there were changes noted with age.
  • The activity of Citrate Synthase, an important enzyme in the Citric Acid cycle, increased from 30 to 62 mmol/kg/min.
  • The activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase, a key enzyme in the process of anaerobic respiration, decreased from 1,930 to 1,565 mmol/kg/min.

Changes in Relative Fibre Area

  • The relative areas of Type IIA and IIB fibres changed with age and showed differences between mares and stallions.
  • The relative area of Type IIA fibres increased in mares from 30% to 35% and in stallions from 33% to 47% between the ages of 1 and 4-6 years.
  • The relative area of Type IIB fibres decreased in mares from 63% to 54% and in stallions from 55% to 38% between the ages of 1 and 4-6 years.

Cite This Article

APA
Ronéus M. (1993). Muscle characteristics in standardbreds of different ages and sexes. Equine Vet J, 25(2), 143-146. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02925.x

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 0425-1644
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 25
Issue: 2
Pages: 143-146

Researcher Affiliations

Ronéus, M
  • Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.

MeSH Terms

  • 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases / analysis
  • Aging / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Biopsy, Needle / veterinary
  • Breeding
  • Citrate (si)-Synthase / analysis
  • Female
  • Horses / anatomy & histology
  • L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / analysis
  • Male
  • Muscles / anatomy & histology
  • Muscles / enzymology
  • Reference Values
  • Sex Characteristics

Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
  1. Li C, White SH, Warren LK, Wohlgemuth SE. Effects of aging on mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle of American American Quarter Horses. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016 Jul 1;121(1):299-311.
    doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01077.2015pubmed: 27283918google scholar: lookup
  2. Stefánsdóttir GJ, Ragnarsson S, Gunnarsson V, Jansson A. Physiological response to a breed evaluation field test in Icelandic horses. Animal 2014 Mar;8(3):431-9.
    doi: 10.1017/S1751731113002309pubmed: 24387835google scholar: lookup
  3. Petersen JL, Mickelson JR, Rendahl AK, Valberg SJ, Andersson LS, Axelsson J, Bailey E, Bannasch D, Binns MM, Borges AS, Brama P, da Câmara Machado A, Capomaccio S, Cappelli K, Cothran EG, Distl O, Fox-Clipsham L, Graves KT, Guérin G, Haase B, Hasegawa T, Hemmann K, Hill EW, Leeb T, Lindgren G, Lohi H, Lopes MS, McGivney BA, Mikko S, Orr N, Penedo MC, Piercy RJ, Raekallio M, Rieder S, Røed KH, Swinburne J, Tozaki T, Vaudin M, Wade CM, McCue ME. Genome-wide analysis reveals selection for important traits in domestic horse breeds. PLoS Genet 2013;9(1):e1003211.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003211pubmed: 23349635google scholar: lookup
  4. Revold T, Larsen S, Ihler CF. Prediction of early race starts in Norwegian-Swedish Coldblooded Trotters. Acta Vet Scand 2010 Sep 22;52(1):53.
    doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-52-53pubmed: 20860836google scholar: lookup
  5. McGivney BA, McGettigan PA, Browne JA, Evans AC, Fonseca RG, Loftus BJ, Lohan A, MacHugh DE, Murphy BA, Katz LM, Hill EW. Characterization of the equine skeletal muscle transcriptome identifies novel functional responses to exercise training. BMC Genomics 2010 Jun 23;11:398.
    doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-398pubmed: 20573200google scholar: lookup
  6. Jurie C, Picard B, Geay Y. Changes in the metabolic and contractile characteristics of muscle in male cattle between 10 and 16 months of age. Histochem J 1999 Feb;31(2):117-22.
    doi: 10.1023/a:1003589320910pubmed: 10416683google scholar: lookup
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