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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Cell Infect Microbiol / Nematode Species Identification-Current Status, Challenges a...
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2017; 7; 283; doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00283

Nematode Species Identification-Current Status, Challenges and Future Perspectives for Cyathostomins.

Abstract: Human and animal health is globally affected by a variety of parasitic helminths. The impact of co-infections and development of anthelmintic resistance requires improved diagnostic tools, especially for parasitic nematodes e.g., to identify resistant species or attribute pathological effects to individual species or particular species combinations. In horses, co-infection with cyathostomins is rather a rule than an exception with typically 5 to 15 species (out of more than 40 described) per individual host. In cyathostomins, reliable morphological species differentiation is currently limited to adults and requires highly specialized expertize while precise morphological identification of eggs and early stage larvae is impossible. The situation is further complicated by a questionable validity of some cyathostomins while others might actually represent cryptic species complexes. Several molecular methods using different target sequences were established to overcome these limitations. For adult worms, PCR followed by sequencing of mitochondrial genes or external or internal ribosomal RNA spacers is suitable to genetically confirm morphological identifications. The most commonly used method to differentiate eggs or larvae is the reverse-line-blot hybridization assay. However, both methods suffer from the fact that target sequences are not available for many species or even that GenBank® entries are unreliable regarding the cyathostomin species. Recent advances in proteomic tools for identification of metazoans including insects and nematodes of the genus will be evaluated for suitability to diagnose cyathostomins. Future research should focus on the comparative analysis of morphological, molecular and proteomic data from the same cyathostomin specimen to optimize tools for species-specific identification.
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Publication Date: 2017-06-28 PubMed ID: 28702376PubMed Central: PMC5487379DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00283Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study discusses the challenges and prospective tools in identifying nematode species, particularly cyathostomins, and emphasizes the importance of refining these tools due to the global impact of these parasites on human and animal health and the developing resistance against their treatment.

Presentation of the Problem

  • Parasitic helminths adversely affect both human and animal health worldwide. Resistance to anthelmintic treatments and co-infection complexity necessitate the refinement of diagnostic tools.
  • This problem is particularly pressing considering cyathostomins, a type of parasitic nematode, given their multiple species and widespread co-infection in horses.
  • Current identification methods are heavily dependent on highly specialized expertise for adult stages and are inadequate for early-stage identification.

Existing Methods and Their Limitations

  • Presently, molecular methods have been employed to sidestep morphological identification constraints. These involve techniques such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing of mitochondrial genes or ribosomal RNA spacers.
  • The reverse-line-blot hybridization assay is commonly used to discern eggs or larvae.
  • Nevertheless, these molecular methods are deficient as they rely on target sequences which are unavailable for many species, and the existing GenBank® entries are often unreliable with regards to the cyathostomin species.

Evaluation and Future Perspective

  • Advancements in proteomic tools for identifying metazoans, including nematodes of the genus, are under review as a possible solution for the diagnosis of cyathostomins.
  • Future research needs to scrutinize the composite analysis comprising morphological, molecular, and proteomic data derived from single cyathostomin specimen. This targeted and multifaceted approach could potentially streamline and optimize tools for species-specific identification, enabling more effective treatment strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Bredtmann CM, Krücken J, Murugaiyan J, Kuzmina T, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G. (2017). Nematode Species Identification-Current Status, Challenges and Future Perspectives for Cyathostomins. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 7, 283. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00283

Publication

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
ISSN: 2235-2988
NlmUniqueID: 101585359
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 7
Pages: 283
PII: 283

Researcher Affiliations

Bredtmann, Christina M
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany.
Krücken, Jürgen
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany.
Murugaiyan, Jayaseelan
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany.
Kuzmina, Tetiana
  • Department of Parasitology, I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of ZoologyKyiv, Ukraine.
von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Nematoda / classification
  • Nematoda / genetics
  • Nematoda / immunology
  • Nematoda / isolation & purification
  • Nematode Infections / diagnosis
  • Nematode Infections / parasitology
  • Nematode Infections / veterinary
  • Parasitology / methods
  • Parasitology / trends
  • Species Specificity
  • Strongylida / classification
  • Strongylida / genetics
  • Strongylida / immunology
  • Strongylida / isolation & purification

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Citations

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