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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Diagn Invest / NetF-producing Clostridium perfringens and its associated di...
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc2020; 32(2); 230-238; doi: 10.1177/1040638720904714

NetF-producing Clostridium perfringens and its associated diseases in dogs and foals.

Abstract: The role of type A in canine acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome and foal necrotizing enteritis is poorly characterized. However, a highly significant association between the presence of novel toxigenic and these specific enteric diseases has been described. These novel toxigenic strains produce 3 novel putative toxins, which have been designated NetE, NetF, and NetG. Although not conclusively demonstrated, current evidence suggests that NetF is likely the major virulence factor in strains responsible for canine acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome and foal necrotizing enteritis. NetF is a beta-pore-forming toxin that belongs to the same toxin superfamily as CPB and NetB toxins produced by . The gene is encoded on a conjugative plasmid that, in the case of , also carries another putative toxin gene, . In addition, these strains consistently also carry a -conjugative plasmid, and a proportion also carry a separate -conjugative plasmid. The and genes form part of a locus with all the features of the pathogenicity loci of -conjugative plasmids. The -positive isolates are clonal in origin and fall into 2 clades. Disease in dogs or foals can be associated with either clade. Thus, these are strains with unique virulence-associated characteristics associated with serious and sometimes fatal cases of important enteric diseases in 2 animal species.
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Publication Date: 2020-02-21 PubMed ID: 32081091PubMed Central: PMC7081511DOI: 10.1177/1040638720904714Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on the role of type A Clostridium perfringens in causing severe intestinal diseases in dogs and foals. The study emphasizes the association of specific enteric diseases with the novel toxins – NetE, NetF, and NetG – produced by this bacterium, particularly highlighting NetF as a key virulence factor.

Understanding Clostridium perfringens and Related Toxins

  • The bacterium Clostridium perfringens is a major cause of enteric diseases such as canine acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome in dogs and necrotizing enteritis in foals. The understanding of its role, however, has remained poorly characterized till now.
  • In type A Clostridium perfringens, there are novel toxigenic strains that produce three new putative toxins – NetE, NetF, and NetG. These toxins seem to be associated with the specific diseases mentioned above.
  • NetF toxin, from the evidence at hand, seems to be the primary virulence factor contributing to these diseases. This toxin is a beta-pore-forming toxin, and it belongs to the same toxin family as CPB and NetB toxins produced by Clostridium perfringens.

The Genetic Structure of Clostridium perfringens

  • The gene for NetF toxin is encoded on a plasmid that can be transferred between bacteria, thus potentially spreading the toxin-producing ability. This plasmid also carries the gene for another toxin, underlining its virulence potential.
  • In addition to this, strains producing the novel toxins also typically carry a tpeL-conjugative plasmid, and some also carry another separate tcp-conjugative plasmid.
  • The tpeL and tcp genes are included in a genetic locus that has all the features of pathogenicity loci on tcp-conjugative plasmids, suggesting their role in bacterial virulence and disease causation.

Disease-Causing Strains and Their Distribution

  • The disease-causing isolates with the tcp-positive marker are clonal in origin, meaning that they are derived from the same parent cell and thus possess the same genetic make-up.
  • These isolates fall into two major categories or clades. Diseases in dogs or foals can be associated with either of these clades, implying that different clades can independently cause diseases.
  • These strains, as such, have unique characteristics related to virulence and are associated with severe and often fatal outcomes of important intestinal diseases in dogs and foals.

Cite This Article

APA
Mehdizadeh Gohari I, Unterer S, Whitehead AE, Prescott JF. (2020). NetF-producing Clostridium perfringens and its associated diseases in dogs and foals. J Vet Diagn Invest, 32(2), 230-238. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638720904714

Publication

Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
ISSN: 1943-4936
NlmUniqueID: 9011490
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 32
Issue: 2
Pages: 230-238

Researcher Affiliations

Mehdizadeh Gohari, Iman
  • Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Mehdizadeh Gohari).
  • Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Unterer).
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Whitehead).
  • Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (Prescott).
Unterer, Stefan
  • Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Mehdizadeh Gohari).
  • Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Unterer).
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Whitehead).
  • Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (Prescott).
Whitehead, Ashley E
  • Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Mehdizadeh Gohari).
  • Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Unterer).
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Whitehead).
  • Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (Prescott).
Prescott, John F
  • Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (Mehdizadeh Gohari).
  • Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Unterer).
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Whitehead).
  • Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (Prescott).

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Clostridium Infections / diagnosis
  • Clostridium Infections / microbiology
  • Clostridium Infections / veterinary
  • Clostridium perfringens / physiology
  • Diarrhea / diagnosis
  • Diarrhea / microbiology
  • Diarrhea / veterinary
  • Dog Diseases / diagnosis
  • Dog Diseases / microbiology
  • Dogs
  • Enteritis / diagnosis
  • Enteritis / microbiology
  • Enteritis / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Necrosis / diagnosis
  • Necrosis / microbiology
  • Necrosis / veterinary

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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Citations

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