Neutrophil accumulation in the large colon of horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion.
Abstract: Histomorphologic/morphometric evaluation, leukocyte scintigraphy, and myeloperoxidase activity were used to determine whether neutrophils accumulate in the large colon of horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion. Twenty-four adult horses were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: group 1, sham-operated (n = 6); group 2, 6 hours of ischemia (n = 9); and group 3, 3 hours of ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion (n = 9). Low-flow ischemia of the large colon was induced in horses of groups 2 and 3 by reducing colonic arterial blood flow to 20% of baseline. Radiolabeled (99mTc) autogenous neutrophils were injected at 175 minutes, which corresponded to 5 minutes prior to reperfusion in group-3 horses. Full-thickness biopsy specimens of the left ventral colon were collected at baseline and at 30-minute intervals for 6 hours; a portion of the biopsy specimen was placed in formalin for histologic examination, and the remainder was used to measure mucosal radioactivity and myeloperoxidase activity. There were no differences in baseline mucosal neutrophil index, mucosal neutrophil numbers, submucosal venular neutrophil numbers, mucosal radioactivity, or mucosal myeloperoxidase activity among groups, or over time in group-1 horses. Neutrophils accumulated in the colonic mucosa during ischemia and further increased at reperfusion, as indicated by neutrophil index (morphology) and mucosal neutrophil numbers (morphometry); mucosal neutrophil index was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in group-3 horses during reperfusion than at the corresponding periods of ischemia in group-2 horses. Neutrophil numbers were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in submucosal venules at 10 minutes of reperfusion in group-3 horses and were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in group-3 than in group-2 horses during the interval from 3 to 6 hours. Mucosal radioactivity significantly (P < 0.05) increased at reperfusion in group-3 horses; there was a trend (P = 0.076) toward greater mucosal radioactivity in group-3, compared with group-2 horses, throughout the 3- to 6-hour interval. There were no differences in mucosal myeloperoxidase activity among or within any of the 3 groups over time. Neutrophils accumulated in the large colon of horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion. Neutrophil infiltration was detected by histologic examination and leukocyte scintigraphy, but not by measurement of myeloperoxidase activity. The accumulation of neutrophils during ischemia and the further neutrophil infiltration during reperfusion indicate that neutrophils may contribute to reperfusion injury of the large colon.
Publication Date: 1994-10-01 PubMed ID: 7998704
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- Clinical Trial
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
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The research investigates whether during diminished blood flow conditions and its subsequent restoration (ischemia and reperfusion) in the large colon of horses, neutrophils, a type of white blood cells, increase. The study notes a significant accumulation of neutrophils during such conditions which suggests their role in reperfusion injury.
Research procedure
- The researchers carried out evaluations using histomorphologic/morphometric (microscopic analysis of tissue structure and dimensions), leukocyte scintigraphy (imaging procedure that uses radioactive markers to visualize neutrophils), and myeloperoxidase (an enzyme that increases with neutrophil activity) activity assessments.
- A total of 24 adult horses were separated into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 6 barrier-removed (sham-operated) horses, Group 2 was comprised of 9 horses undergoing six hours of ischemia, and Group 3 had 9 horses subjected to three hours of ischemia followed by three hours of reperfusion.
- For Groups 2 and 3, low-flow ischemia of the large colon was implemented by reducing colonic arterial blood flow to 20% of the baseline level.
- Radiolabeled or isotopically marked neutrophils were injected into the horses. This action allowed tracking and visualization of these white blood cells.
- Full-thickness biopsy specimens of the left ventral colon were taken at the start and at 30-minute intervals over six hours to examine activities associated with neutrophils.
Results and findings
- No differences were observed in baseline mucosal neutrophil index, neutrophil numbers, mucosal radioactivity, or myeloperoxidase activity among all groups or over time in group-1 horses.
- During ischemia, there was a noticeable accumulation of neutrophils in the colonic mucosa. This accumulation was observed further upon reperfusion (as indicated by neutrophil index and mucosal neutrophil numbers).
- Particularly in Group 3, the neutrophil accumulation was significantly greater during reperfusion than the corresponding periods during ischemia in Group 2 horses.
- Ten minutes into the reperfusion in Group 3, the neutrophil numbers considerably increased in the venules (small veins). The numbers were significantly higher in Group 3 compared to Group 2 during the recovery period from 3 to 6 hours.
- The mucosal radioactivity, representative of neutrophil presence, increased at reperfusion in Group 3 horses. There was a notable trend towards higher mucosal radioactivity in Group 3 compared to Group 2 throughout 3 to 6 hours.
- No differences were discovered in myeloperoxidase activity among or within any group over time, which means the enzyme did not contribute to variations observed on neutrphils activity.
Conclusion
In the large colon of horses, neutrophils were found to aggregate during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion. This accumulation was detectable by leukocyte scintigraphy and histologic examination, but not by myeloperoxidase activity measurements. The accumulation of neutrophils, therefore, could potentially contribute to the injury caused to the colon during reperfusion following ischemia.
Cite This Article
APA
Moore RM, Bertone AL, Bailey MQ, Muir WW, Beard WL.
(1994).
Neutrophil accumulation in the large colon of horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion.
Am J Vet Res, 55(10), 1454-1463.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1089.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Colitis, Ischemic / veterinary
- Colon / cytology
- Colon / diagnostic imaging
- Female
- Horse Diseases / diagnostic imaging
- Horse Diseases / enzymology
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Intestinal Mucosa / enzymology
- Ischemia / diagnostic imaging
- Ischemia / enzymology
- Ischemia / pathology
- Ischemia / veterinary
- Male
- Neutrophils / physiology
- Peroxidase / biosynthesis
- Radionuclide Imaging
- Reperfusion Injury / diagnostic imaging
- Reperfusion Injury / enzymology
- Reperfusion Injury / pathology
- Reperfusion Injury / veterinary
Grant Funding
- R01-DK43780 / NIDDK NIH HHS
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Bayless RL, Sheats MK, Jones SL. Withaferin A Inhibits Neutrophil Adhesion, Migration, and Respiratory Burst and Promotes Timely Neutrophil Apoptosis. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:900453.
- Faleiros RR, Macoris DG, Alves GE, Souza DG, Teixeira MM, Moore RM. Local and remote lesions in horses subjected to small colon distension and decompression. Can J Vet Res 2008 Jan;72(1):68-76.
- Grulke S, Franck T, Gangl M, Péters F, Salciccia A, Deby-Dupont G, Serteyn D. Myeloperoxidase assay in plasma and peritoneal fluid of horses with gastrointestinal disease. Can J Vet Res 2008 Jan;72(1):37-42.
- Sharifi K, Mostaghni K, Maleki M, Badiei K. Ischaemia/reperfusion injury in experimentally induced abomasal volvulus in sheep. Vet Res Commun 2007 Jul;31(5):575-90.
- Mirza MH, Seahorn TL, Oliver JL, Hosgood G, Moore RM. Detection and comparison of nitric oxide in clinically healthy horses and those with naturally acquired strangulating large colon volvulus. Can J Vet Res 2005 Apr;69(2):106-15.
- Mirza MH, Oliver JL, Seahorn TL, Hosgood G, Moore RM. Detection and comparison of nitric oxide in clinically normal horses and those with naturally acquired small intestinal strangulation obstruction. Can J Vet Res 1999 Oct;63(4):230-40.
- Grulke S, Benbarek H, Caudron I, Deby-Dupont G, Mathy-Hartert M, Farnir F, Deby C, Lamy M, Serteyn D. Plasma myeloperoxidase level and polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation in horses suffering from large intestinal obstruction requiring surgery: preliminary results. Can J Vet Res 1999 Apr;63(2):142-7.
- Moore RM, Muir WW, Rush BR. Systemic and colonic venous plasma biochemical alterations in horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion of the large colon. Can J Vet Res 1998 Jan;62(1):14-20.
- Martin E, Sarkan K, Viall A, Hostetter S, Epstein K. Clinicopathologic Parameters of Peritoneal Fluid as Predictors of Gastrointestinal Lesions, Complications, and Outcomes in Equine Colic Patients: A Retrospective Study. Animals (Basel) 2024 Dec 24;15(1).
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