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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Reprod Immunol / Neutrophil extracellular traps formation by bacteria causing...
Journal of reproductive immunology2014; 106; 41-49; doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2014.08.003

Neutrophil extracellular traps formation by bacteria causing endometritis in the mare.

Abstract: Besides the classical functions, neutrophils (PMNs) are able to release DNA in response to infectious stimuli, forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and killing pathogens. The pathogenesis of endometritis in the mare is not completely understood. The aim was to evaluate the in vitro capacity of equine PMNs to secrete NETs by chemical activation, or stimulated with Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (Szoo), Escherichia coli (Ecoli) or Staphylococcus capitis (Scap) strains obtained from mares with endometritis. Ex vivo endometrial mucus from mares with bacterial endometritis were evaluated for the presence of NETs. Equine blood PMNs were used either without or with stimulation by phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA), a strong inducer of NETs, for 1-3h. To evaluate PMN ability to produce NETs when phagocytosis was impaired, the phagocytosis inhibitor cytochalasin (Cyt) was added after PMA. After the addition of bacteria, a subsequent 1-h incubation was carried out in seven groups. NETs were visualized by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and anti-histone. Ex vivo samples were immunostained for myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase. A 3-h incubation period of PMN + PMA increased NETs (p < 0.05). Bacteria + 25 nM PMA and bacteria + PMA + Cyt increased NETs (p<0.05). Szoo induced fewer NETs than Ecoli or Scap (p < 0.05). Ex vivo NETs were present in mares with endometritis. Scanning electron microscopy showed the spread of NETs formed by smooth fibers and globules that can be aggregated in thick bundles. Formation of NETs and the subsequent entanglement of bacteria suggest that equine NETs might be a complementary mechanism in fighting some of the bacteria causing endometritis in the mare.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2014-08-27 PubMed ID: 25218891DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2014.08.003Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focuses on how neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, respond to bacteria causing endometritis in mares. The researchers explored how these cells produce web-like materials known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), in response to different bacteria: Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus capitis.

The Purpose of the Study

  • The goal of the study was to understand how equine neutrophils react to certain infections. In this case, the focus was on infections that lead to endometritis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the endometrium in mares.
  • The researchers sought to evaluate if and how neutrophils produce NETs when exposed to different bacterial strains that cause endometritis.

Methodology

  • The researchers used both in vitro (test tubes or petri dishes) and ex vivo (in organs or tissues removed from organisms) methods for their experiments.
  • They compared the amount of NETs produced by equine neutrophils under different conditions: without stimulation; with phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA), a chemical known to induce NET formation; and with PMA plus a phagocytosis inhibitor, cytochalasin (Cyt).
  • They examined the effects of the three aforementioned bacterial strains on NET production. The bacteria were obtained from mares with confirmed cases of endometritis.
  • NET production was identified by using markers, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and anti-histone, and viewed under a scanning electron microscope.

Results and Conclusion

  • The researchers found that the 3-hour treatment with PMA increased NET production.
  • They noted that the addition of bacteria triggered further increase in NETs, especially when combined with PMA and cytochalasin.
  • Among the bacteria, Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus induced fewer NETs compared to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus capitis.
  • Ex vivo samples confirmed the presence of NETs in mares suffering from endometritis.
  • The study concluded that equine NETs might play a key role in combating bacteria causing endometritis. The mechanism by which these NET’s entangle and perhaps neutralize the bacteria suggests they can supplement the body’s other defense mechanisms against such pathogens.

Cite This Article

APA
Rebordão MR, Carneiro C, Alexandre-Pires G, Brito P, Pereira C, Nunes T, Galvão A, Leitão A, Vilela C, Ferreira-Dias G. (2014). Neutrophil extracellular traps formation by bacteria causing endometritis in the mare. J Reprod Immunol, 106, 41-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2014.08.003

Publication

Journal of reproductive immunology
ISSN: 1872-7603
NlmUniqueID: 8001906
Country: Ireland
Language: English
Volume: 106
Pages: 41-49
PII: S0165-0378(14)00068-0

Researcher Affiliations

Rebordão, M R
  • CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; Coimbra College of Agriculture, Coimbra, Portugal.
Carneiro, C
  • CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
Alexandre-Pires, G
  • CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
Brito, P
  • CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
Pereira, C
  • CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
Nunes, T
  • Faculty of Sciences, Microscopy Center, University of Lisbon, Portugal.
Galvão, A
  • CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
Leitão, A
  • Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, CVZ, CIISA, Lisbon, Portugal.
Vilela, C
  • CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
Ferreira-Dias, G
  • CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: gmlfdias@fmv.ulisboa.pt.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Cytochalasins / pharmacology
  • Endometritis / immunology
  • Endometritis / microbiology
  • Escherichia coli / immunology
  • Extracellular Traps / immunology
  • Female
  • Horses
  • Inflammation / immunology
  • Neutrophils / immunology
  • Peroxidase / metabolism
  • Phagocytosis / immunology
  • Staphylococcus / immunology
  • Streptococcus equi / immunology
  • Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / pharmacology

Citations

This article has been cited 27 times.
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