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Emerging infectious diseases2018; 24(2); 303-310; doi: 10.3201/eid2402.171031

New Parvovirus Associated with Serum Hepatitis in Horses after Inoculation of Common Biological Product.

Abstract: Equine serum hepatitis (i.e., Theiler's disease) is a serious and often life-threatening disease of unknown etiology that affects horses. A horse in Nebraska, USA, with serum hepatitis died 65 days after treatment with equine-origin tetanus antitoxin. We identified an unknown parvovirus in serum and liver of the dead horse and in the administered antitoxin. The equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) shares <50% protein identity with its phylogenetic relatives of the genus Copiparvovirus. Next, we experimentally infected 2 horses using a tetanus antitoxin contaminated with EqPV-H. Viremia developed, the horses seroconverted, and acute hepatitis developed that was confirmed by clinical, biochemical, and histopathologic testing. We also determined that EqPV-H is an endemic infection because, in a cohort of 100 clinically normal adult horses, 13 were viremic and 15 were seropositive. We identified a new virus associated with equine serum hepatitis and confirmed its pathogenicity and transmissibility through contaminated biological products.
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Publication Date: 2018-01-20 PubMed ID: 29350162PubMed Central: PMC5782890DOI: 10.3201/eid2402.171031Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper is centered around the identification of a new parvovirus – Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) – associated with serum hepatitis, commonly referred to as Theiler’s disease, in horses. Triggered by a biological product, tetanus antitoxin, this study explores the virus’ pathogenicity and transmissibility.

Introduction

  • The research began following the death of a horse in Nebraska, USA, 65 days after treatment with an equine-origin tetanus antitoxin. The horse died from serum hepatitis, a form of Theiler’s disease—a serious, often life-threatening horse disease of unknown cause.
  • The researchers suspected a link between the tetanus antitoxin and the sudden onset of the disease; thus, prompting further research.

Identification of Equine Parvovirus-Hepatitis (EqPV-H)

  • The researchers discovered an unidentified parvovirus present in the serum and liver of the deceased horse and within the tetanus antitoxin administered to it.
  • This newfound virus, named the “equine parvovirus-hepatitis” (EqPV-H), was found to share less than 50% protein identity with its closest genetic relatives belonging to the Copiparvovirus genus. This has led the researchers to conclude that they have found a new virus.

Experimental Infections

  • Following the identification of EqPV-H, the researchers sought to confirm its pathogenicity and thus infected two horses with the same tetanus antitoxin contaminated with EqPV-H.
  • As a result, both horses developed viremia (presence of viruses in the blood), experienced seroconversion (the period of time during which a specific antibody develops and becomes detectable in the blood), and developed acute hepatitis. This result was confirmed through clinical, biochemical, and histopathologic testing.

Prevalence and Transmissibility of EqPV-H

  • Lastly, the scholars examined the prevalence of this new virus within the horse population; out of a sample of 100 seemingly healthy adult horses, 13 were found to be viremic and 15 were seropositive (tested positive for a particular serum antibody). This suggests that EqPV-H is an endemic infection—that is, it’s constantly present to some extent in the equine population.
  • The research also suggested that EqPV-H could be transmitted through contaminated biological products, including the tetanus antitoxin used in this study.

Conclusion

  • The article’s significant findings include the identification of a new virus—EqPV-H—associated with equine serum hepatitis, the verification of its pathogenicity, and the confirmation of its transmissibility through contaminated biological products.

Cite This Article

APA
Divers TJ, Tennant BC, Kumar A, McDonough S, Cullen J, Bhuva N, Jain K, Chauhan LS, Scheel TKH, Lipkin WI, Laverack M, Trivedi S, Srinivasa S, Beard L, Rice CM, Burbelo PD, Renshaw RW, Dubovi E, Kapoor A. (2018). New Parvovirus Associated with Serum Hepatitis in Horses after Inoculation of Common Biological Product. Emerg Infect Dis, 24(2), 303-310. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2402.171031

Publication

Emerging infectious diseases
ISSN: 1080-6059
NlmUniqueID: 9508155
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 24
Issue: 2
Pages: 303-310

Researcher Affiliations

Divers, Thomas J
    Tennant, Bud C
      Kumar, Arvind
        McDonough, Sean
          Cullen, John
            Bhuva, Nishit
              Jain, Komal
                Chauhan, Lokendra Singh
                  Scheel, Troels Kasper Høyer
                    Lipkin, W Ian
                      Laverack, Melissa
                        Trivedi, Sheetal
                          Srinivasa, Satyapramod
                            Beard, Laurie
                              Rice, Charles M
                                Burbelo, Peter D
                                  Renshaw, Randall W
                                    Dubovi, Edward
                                      Kapoor, Amit

                                        MeSH Terms

                                        • Animals
                                        • Cardiovirus Infections / veterinary
                                        • Cardiovirus Infections / virology
                                        • Drug Contamination
                                        • Female
                                        • Hepatitis, Viral, Animal / virology
                                        • Horse Diseases / virology
                                        • Horses
                                        • Parvoviridae Infections / veterinary
                                        • Parvoviridae Infections / virology
                                        • Parvovirinae / genetics
                                        • Parvovirinae / isolation & purification
                                        • Phylogeny
                                        • Tetanus Antitoxin / adverse effects
                                        • Vaccination / adverse effects
                                        • Viremia

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                                        This article has been cited 49 times.
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