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Ecology and evolution2022; 12(9); e9325; doi: 10.1002/ece3.9325

Non-native grazers affect physiological and demographic responses of greater sage-grouse.

Abstract: Non-native ungulate grazing has negatively impacted native species across the globe, leading to massive loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Despite their pervasiveness, interactions between non-native grazers and native species are not fully understood. We often observe declines in demography or survival of these native species, but lack understanding about the mechanisms underlying these declines. Physiological stress represents one mechanism of (mal)adaptation, but data are sparse. We investigated glucocorticoid levels in a native avian herbivore exposed to different intensities of non-native grazing in the cold desert Great Basin ecosystem, USA. We measured corticosterone, a glucocorticoid in feathers for a large sample ( = 280) of female greater sage-grouse () from three study areas in Northern Nevada and Southern Oregon with different grazing regimes of livestock and feral horses. We found that greater feral horse density was associated with higher corticosterone levels, and this effect was exacerbated by drought conditions. Livestock grazing produced similar results; however, there was more model uncertainty about the livestock effect. Subsequent nesting success was lower with increased feather corticosterone, but corticosterone levels were not predictive of other vital rates. Our results indicate a physiological response by sage-grouse to grazing pressure from non-native grazers. We found substantial among-individual variation in the strength of the response. These adverse effects were intensified during unfavorable weather events, highlighting the need to reevaluate management strategies in the face of climate change.
© 2022 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2022-09-20 PubMed ID: 36188508PubMed Central: PMC9490135DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9325Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates how non-native grazing animals impact the native avian species, greater sage-grouse, in the cold desert Great Basin ecosystem in the USA. It specifically measures a stress hormone in the bird, finding that higher densities of non-native grazers correlate with increased stress levels in the sage-grouse, particularly during drought conditions.

Study Overview

  • The research was focused on understanding the impact of non-native grazers such as livestock and feral horses on the physiology and demography of greater sage-grouse in the Great Basin ecosystem in the USA.
  • The study examined the levels of corticosterone, a glucocorticoid often associated with stress, in the feathers of sage-grouse exposed to different grazing intensities.

Methods and Findings

  • The team measured corticosterone levels in a large sample of female sage-grouse from three study areas in Northern Nevada and Southern Oregon. These areas had varying livestock and feral horse population sizes.
  • The findings showed that higher densities of non-native grazers, especially feral horses, were linked to increased corticosterone levels in the sage-grouse. This response was found to be more intense during periods of drought.
  • Similarly, livestock grazing also resulted in increased corticosterone levels. However, the results were not as definitive as with the feral horses.
  • The study showed that higher corticosterone levels resulted in lower nesting success rates for the sage-grouse. However, these levels did not seem to influence other vital rates in the bird’s life cycle.

Conclusions

  • The study concludes that grazing pressure from non-native animals induces a physiological stress response in the greater sage-grouse, as evident by elevated corticosterone levels in these birds.
  • The researchers also noted significant variation among individual birds in the strength of this physiological response.
  • Importantly, the study also highlights that the negative effects of non-native grazing on sage-grouse are amplified during periods of unfavorable weather conditions, such as droughts. This points to potential implications for ecosystem management strategies in a changing climate.

Cite This Article

APA
Behnke T, Street P, Davies S, Ouyang JQ, Sedinger JS. (2022). Non-native grazers affect physiological and demographic responses of greater sage-grouse. Ecol Evol, 12(9), e9325. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9325

Publication

Ecology and evolution
ISSN: 2045-7758
NlmUniqueID: 101566408
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 9
Pages: e9325
PII: e9325

Researcher Affiliations

Behnke, Tessa
  • Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Nevada-Reno Reno Nevada USA.
  • Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada-Reno Reno Nevada USA.
Street, Phillip
  • Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada-Reno Reno Nevada USA.
Davies, Scott
  • Department of Biological Sciences Quinnipiac University Hamden Connecticut USA.
Ouyang, Jenny Q
  • Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Nevada-Reno Reno Nevada USA.
Sedinger, James S
  • Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada-Reno Reno Nevada USA.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no commercial or financial relationships generating a conflict of interest in this work.

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