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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2021; 10(6); 714; doi: 10.3390/pathogens10060714

Occurrence and Genetic Diversity of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in Chilean Thoroughbred Racing Horses.

Abstract: This study aimed to serologically and molecularly survey and in thoroughbred horses from racecourses in Chile. Additionally, the genetic diversity of the positive samples was assessed. A total of 286 thoroughbred horses from the Santiago and Valparaíso racecourses had their serum samples submitted to an ELISA for and , and 457 samples (from the Santiago, Valparaíso, and Concepción racecourses) were tested with nested PCRs for the 48 KDa rhoptry protein (RAP-1) and 18S rRNA genes. Selected RAP-1 and 18S positive products were sequenced to perform phylogenetic and haplotype analyses. An overall seroprevalence of 35.6% was observed for these Chilean racecourses: 23.7% for 8.4% for , and 3.5% for both agents. Overall, a 53.6% occurrence by nPCR was detected for the three Chilean racecourses: 44.2% for , 5.4% for , and 3.9% for both agents. Phylogenetic analysis of and showed genetic proximity with sequences previously detected in other countries. Haplotype analysis revealed a low diversity among the Chilean sequences, which may have originated from those reported in Brazil, Israel, or Cuba. and were detected for the first time in Chilean thoroughbred horses.
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Publication Date: 2021-06-07 PubMed ID: 34200433PubMed Central: PMC8226895DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060714Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article examined the presence and genetic diversity of two parasites, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi, in thoroughbred racing horses in Chile.

Research Objectives and Methodology

  • This study focused on tracing the prevalence and genetic diversity of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. These are parasites that commonly affect horses, especially those involved in races.
  • Nearly 286 thoroughbred horses from Santiago and Valparaíso racecourses in Chile were considered for the study.
  • Samples of their serum were analyzed using an ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay) method to detect the presence of these parasites.
  • Additionally, 457 samples from Santiago, Valparaíso, and Concepción racecourses were tested using nested PCRs for RAP-1 and 18S rRNA genes of the parasites. These genes are essential markers for detecting the presence of parasites.
  • Selected samples that tested positive for RAP-1 and 18S were further sequenced to perform phylogenetic and haplotype analyses to ascertain genetic diversity.

Key Findings

  • The study revealed an overall seroprevalence of 35.6% for these parasites in the Chilean racecourses. This means about 36 out of 100 horses had antibodies against these parasites, indicating they once were or were infested.
  • The parasite Babesia caballi was found in 23.7% of horses, Theileria equi in 8.4%, and both agents were found in around 3.5% of the sampled horses.
  • Additionally, a 53.6% occurrence was detected through the nested PCR method. Of these, Babesia caballi was found in 44.2%, Theileria equi in about 5.4%, and both agents were found in 3.9% of the horses.
  • The genetic diversity analysis showed that the parasites found in Chilean horses have genetic proximity with similar organisms previously detected in other countries. This suggests the parasites in different geographies might share common genetic materials or have similar genetic evolution.
  • The analysis showed a low diversity among the Chilean sequences, suggesting they might have originated from the parasites reported in Brazil, Israel, or Cuba.
  • The study marks the first discovering and documentation of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in thoroughbred horses in Chile.

Conclusion

  • The findings of the study provide useful information about the occurrence and genetic diversity of these parasites in Chilean horses. This data can aid future parasite management and control efforts in horse racecourse environments.
  • The study contributed to a better understanding of the geographical spread of these parasites, their potential origins, and their genetic diversities.

Cite This Article

APA
Torres R, Hurtado C, Pérez-Macchi S, Bittencourt P, Freschi C, de Mello VVC, Machado RZ, André MR, Müller A. (2021). Occurrence and Genetic Diversity of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in Chilean Thoroughbred Racing Horses. Pathogens, 10(6), 714. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060714

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 6
PII: 714

Researcher Affiliations

Torres, Reinaldo
  • Instituto de Ciencias Clinicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
Hurtado, Claudio
  • Instituto de Ciencias Clinicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
Pérez-Macchi, Sandra
  • Departamento de Patologia Clinica Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 1114, Paraguay.
Bittencourt, Pedro
  • Biomedical Sciences Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
Freschi, Carla
  • IMUNODOT Diagnostico, Jaboticabal 14887-042, SP, Brazil.
de Mello, Victoria Valente Califre
  • Departamento de Patologia, Reproducao e Saude Unica, Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil.
Machado, Rosangela Zacarias
  • Departamento de Patologia, Reproducao e Saude Unica, Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil.
André, Marcos Rogério
  • Departamento de Patologia, Reproducao e Saude Unica, Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil.
Müller, Ananda
  • Instituto de Ciencias Clinicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
  • Biomedical Sciences Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.

Grant Funding

  • Magister en Ciencias Menciu00f3n Salud Animal / Direcciu00f3n de Investigaciu00f3n, Universidad Austral de Chile

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
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