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Occurrence of ultrasonographic assessed placental abnormalities, treatments, pregnancy outcome, and subsequent fertility on a large warmblood stud farm: A retrospective field study.
Abstract: Little is known about the incidence and outcome of high-risk pregnancies in equine practice and clinical studies on spontaneous occurring placentitis cases and treatments are missing. Therefore, the aims of this retrospective field study were to (1) describe the incidence and severity of ultrasonographic assessed placental abnormalities (UPA) in 4,192 pregnancies on a large commercial warmblood stud farm in 2017 - 2019 and (2) characterize these UPA cases and their pregnancy outcome. UPA severity (Placental abnormality score (PSc) 1-3; low to high), nine treatment regimens (TM1-9) used in UPA cases and treatment duration as well as subsequent fertility were analyzed in the group of UPA mares. The proportion of pregnancies affected by UPA was 4.2 % (n=177/4192). Placental abnormality severity was scored as PSc1 (51.4 %), PSc2 (32.8 %) and PSc3 (15.8 %). The generalized mixed model revealed PSc was affected by mare age and mare status (own pregnancy (OP) or embryo transfer recipient (ER)) (P=0.035) with ER mares having increased PSc compared with mares having their own pregnancy. Abortion occurred in 17/177 (9.6 %) UPA pregnancies. Overall, at the end of the next season, 61.1 % of UPA mares were pregnant, 32.0 % barren, and 6.9 % open (n=175). Pregnancy was established in 62/91(68.1 %) of mares with PSc1, 31/58 (53.4 %) with PSc2 and 14/26 (53.8 %) with PSc3. Most pregnancies were achieved in the first 81/107 (75.7 %) or second 18/107 (16.8 %) inseminated cycle. In conclusion, early detection and treatment of ultrasonographic assessed placental abnormalities can save high-risk pregnancies in > 90 % of cases with a satisfying subsequent fertility.
Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Publication Date: 2024-05-01 PubMed ID: 38697370DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105076Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article discusses a study that was conducted to understand the incidence and severity of abnormalities in the placenta of horses during pregnancy, and if identifying and treating these abnormalities can improve the fertility outcomes. The study was conducted from 2017 to 2019 and involved more than 4,000 pregnancies in a large commercial warmblood stud farm.
Scope and Methodology of the Study
- The study was a retrospective examination of 4,192 pregnancies on a large commercial warmblood stud farm within the years 2017 to 2019.
- The research aimed to describe the incidence of ultrasonographic assessed placental abnormalities (UPA) and characterize these cases along with their pregnancy outcomes.
- An additional aspect of the study was to analyze the UPA mares’ treatment duration and subsequent fertility.
Findings of the Study
- Out of all the pregnancies, 4.2% (or 177 out of 4192) were found to be affected by UPA.
- The severity of these UPAs was further categorized into three groups: PSc1, PSc2, and PSc3, which contributed to 51.4%, 32.8%, and 15.8% of the cases respectively.
- The study found that the age and status of the mare (whether it was their own pregnancy or an embryo transfer recipient) had an effect on the UPA severity.
- Embryo transfer recipient (ER) mares had an increased level of UPA compared to mares experiencing their own pregnancy.
Effects on Pregnancy and Fertility Outcomes
- Abortion occurred in 9.6% of the pregnancies that were identified with UPA.
- By the conclusion of the following season, 61.1% of mares identified with UPA were pregnant, 32.0% were barren, and 6.9% were open.
- More so, pregnancy was more often established (68.1%) in mares who had the least UPA severity (PSc1) compared to those with PSc2 (53.4%) and PSc3 (53.8%).
- Most pregnancies were achieved in the first (75.7%) or second (16.8%) inseminated cycle.
Conclusions and Implications
- The study concludes that early detection and treatment of UPAs can save a large majority of high-risk pregnancies (over 90%) leading to satisfactory fertility subsequently.
- This implies that routine and regular check-ups during pregnancy can potentially enhance the pregnancy and fertility outcomes in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Sielhorst J, Koether K, Volkmann N, Blanco M, Vicioso R, Baade S, Kemper N, de Mestre AM, Sieme H.
(2024).
Occurrence of ultrasonographic assessed placental abnormalities, treatments, pregnancy outcome, and subsequent fertility on a large warmblood stud farm: A retrospective field study.
J Equine Vet Sci, 137, 105076.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105076 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Clinic for Horses - Unit for Reproductive Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 15, Hanover 30559, Germany; ReproTraining, Rolandstrasse 62, Verl 33415, Germany. Electronic address: jutta.sielhorst@reprotraining.de.
- Clinic for Horses - Unit for Reproductive Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 15, Hanover 30559, Germany; Lewitz Stud, Lewitzhof, Neustadt-Glewe 19306, Germany.
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behavior, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hanover 30173, Germany.
- Lewitz Stud, Lewitzhof, Neustadt-Glewe 19306, Germany.
- Lewitz Stud, Lewitzhof, Neustadt-Glewe 19306, Germany.
- Clinic for Horses - Unit for Reproductive Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 15, Hanover 30559, Germany.
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behavior, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hanover 30173, Germany.
- Cornell Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell Department of Biomedical Sciences, Equine Pregnancy Laboratory, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.
- Clinic for Horses - Unit for Reproductive Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 15, Hanover 30559, Germany.
Conflict of Interest Statement
Declaration of competing interest None of the authors has any financial or personal relationships that could inappropriately influence or bias the content of the paper.
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Li L, Li S, Ma H, Akhtar MF, Tan Y, Wang T, Liu W, Khan A, Khan MZ, Wang C. An Overview of Infectious and Non-Infectious Causes of Pregnancy Losses in Equine. Animals (Basel) 2024 Jul 2;14(13).
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