Of Horses and Men: Urticaria.
Abstract: Abstract- Urticarial eruptions, with or without pruritus, are common lesions in horses. The pathogenesis of these lesions can include immunological and other mechanisms. Research in the human field suggests that the mast cell co-ordinates the urticarial response by releasing a complex array of inflammatory mediators. Other cells, including the neutrophil, the eosinophil and the macrophage, may also play a role in the development of wheals. Elucidation of the role of many of these cells and mediators in the evolution of urticaria is only just beginning. Successful treatment of this dermatological disorder requires a careful search for the underlying cause; however, this can be difficult to identify in many cases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential factors leading to urticaria in horses and to describe a standard diagnostic approach for determination of the underlying cause. Résumé- Des eruptions urticariennes avec ou sans prurit sont des lésions communes chez le cheval. La pathogénie de ces lésions peut être en rapport avec des mécanismes immunologiques et autres. Les recherches dans le domaine humain suggèrent que les mastocytes coordonnent la réponse urticarienne en libérant un ensemble complexe de médiateurs de l'inflammation. D'autres cellules, comprenant les neutrophiles, les éosinophiles et les macrophages sont aussi susceptibles de jouer un rôle dans le développment des plaques ortiées. La compréhension du rôle de plusieurs de ces cellules et de ces médiateurs dans l'evolution de l'urticaire ne fait que commencer. La réussite du traitement de ce trouble cutané demande une recherche minutieuse de la cause sous-jacente; toutefois, elle peut être difficile à identifier dans de nombreux cas. Le propos de cette revue est de discuter des facteurs potentiels conduisant à l'urticaire chez le cheval et de décrire une approche diagnostique standard afin de déterminer la cause sous-jacente. Zusammenfassung- Häufig treten bei Pferden bei Urticaria Eruptionen auf, die mit oder ohne Pruritus verlaufen können. Die Pathogenese dieser Veränderungen umfasst immunologische und andere Mechanismen. Untersuchungen in der Humanmedizin weisen darauf hin, dass Mastzellen die Reaktionen bei Urticaria koordinieren, indem sie einen ganzen Komplex von Entzündungsmediatoren ausschütten. Andere Zellen, auch Neutrophile, Eosinophile und Makrophagen, sind vermutlich ebenfalls an dieser Entwicklung beteiligt. Die Rolle von zahlreichen Zellen und Entzündungsmediatoren bei der Entstehung einer Urticaria ist erst in Ansätzen bekannt. Voraussetzung für die erfolgreiche Behandlung dieser Hauterkrenkung ist eine sorgfältige Suche nach der eigentlichen Ursache, die sich aber oft schwierig gestaltet. Dieser Artikel soll die möglichen Ursachen für eine Utricaria beim Pferd und die Standarddiagnostik bei der Bestimmung der eigentlichen Ursache aufzeigen. Resumen Las erupciones urticariformes, con o sin prurito, son lesiones frecuentes en el caballo. La patogenia de estas lesiones incluyen tanto mecanismos inmunológicos como mecanismos no inmunológicos. Diferentes investigaciones realizadas en el campo de la patología humana sugieren que la célula cebada coordina la respuesta urticariforme liberando gran cantidad de mediadores inflamatorios. Otras células, entre ellas el neutrófilo el eosinófilo y el macrófago, también juegan un papel importante en el desarrollo de los habones. En la actualidad se empieza a conocer el papel que estas células juegan en la evolución de la urticaria. Un tratamiento efectivo de esta enfermedad depende de la detección de la causa desencadenante, aunque en muchos casos esto no es posible. El objetivo de esta revisión es discutir los factores que pueden conducir a la urticaria en el caballo y describir el protocolo diagnóstico adecuado para la detección del agente desencadenante.
Publication Date: 1990-09-01 PubMed ID: 34644835DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.1990.tb00088.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research paper investigates the causes and treatment of urticaria, a common skin disease causing itchy eruptions, in horses. The paper also attempts to understand the complex network of cells and inflammatory mediators involved in this condition, based on current knowledge from human medicine.
Urticarial Eruptions in Horses
Urticarial eruptions are common skin conditions found in horses, which can manifest with or without itchiness. The eruptions’ origins could be tied to immunological factors or other underlying processes. Thus, to treat this skin disorder, a meticulous search for these hidden reasons is needed, though it might be challenging due to the complexity of potential causes.
Role of Cells and Inflammatory Mediators
- Research done in human pathology suggests that mast cells, a type of white blood cell, coordinate the urticarial responses in the body by releasing a multitude of inflammatory mediators. These mediators are substances that trigger and maintain the inflammation process during an immune response.
- Other cells like neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages are also speculated to contribute to the development of urticarial eruptions.
- The in-depth understanding of the roles played by these cells and mediators during urticaria’s progression is still in its infancy.
Identifying Underlying Causes and Diagnostic Approach
- It is critical to identify the underlying cause to successfully treat the dermatological disorder. The cause may not always be identifiable, making the task complex and difficult.
- This paper aims to delve into potential factors leading to urticaria in horses and proposes a standardized diagnostic approach for determining the underlying cause. This approach could potentially guide veterinarians and researchers in managing and studying this skin condition more effectively.
Cite This Article
APA
Fadok VA.
(1990).
Of Horses and Men: Urticaria.
Vet Dermatol, 1(3), 103-112.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.1990.tb00088.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.
References
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Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Birkmann K, Waldern N, Jucker S, Balaschitsch K, Zablotski Y, Fettelschoss-Gabriel A. Validation of the Equine Urticaria Activity Score for the assessment of chronic recurrent urticaria in horses. Vet Dermatol 2025 Oct;36(5):630-637.
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