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Home / Equine Research Bank / Open Vet J / One health approach on zoonotic multidrug-resistant Klebsiel...
Open veterinary journal2025; 15(9); 4219-4234; doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.28

One health approach on zoonotic multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Egyptian cattle, horses, and humans.

Abstract: Worldwide, zoonotic diseases represent serious risks to public health, underscoring the need for efficient surveillance techniques. The One Health concept has gained popularity as a comprehensive paradigm for tackling zoonotic disease surveillance because it acknowledges the correlation of pathogens, animals, humans, and the surrounding environment. Public health is now concerned about antibiotic-resistant (), which causes severe impurities in animals and humans, leading to morbidity and mortality. Unassigned: This study examined the collaborative efforts between human and animal (cattle and horses) health sectors, as well as other pertinent risk factors, in implementing the One Health surveillance strategy against klebsiellosis in one Egyptian district. In addition, this study analyzed some antimicrobial resistance genes to improve future medical treatment strategies against zoonotic klebsiellosis. Unassigned: was isolated from 50 cattle raw milk samples, 50 horse nasal swabs, and 50 human sputum samples using MacConkey's agar and Xylose lysine deoxycholate media with a detailed explanation of the associated risk factors of infection acquisition. Then, antibiotic sensitivity tests for the positive samples were conducted on plates of Mueller-Hinton agar. In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on the positive isolates to detect the pathogen and antibiotic resistance genes. Unassigned: was effectively isolated from 8% of milk samples, 12% of nasal swabs, and 16% of sputum samples. Upon conducting antibiotic sensitivity tests, the isolated organisms showed resistance to 100% amoxicillin-clavulanic, 93.3% cefotaxime, 86.66% cepaxime, and 66.66% tetracycline. Only 11 of 18 positive samples were PCR-positive. Only 10 of 11 positive PCR samples were positive for the ) gene; however, all 11 samples were positive for the gene. Unassigned: By focusing on various risk factors of disease acquisition, this study sheds light on the zoonotic hazard of that has been hitherto underestimated. It also emphasizes the significance of integrating One Health into surveillance for antibiotic-resistant klebsiellosis and the necessity of ongoing innovation and collaboration to improve the efficacy of upcoming surveillance plans in Egypt to control the spread of the disease between animals and humans.
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Publication Date: 2025-09-30 PubMed ID: 41200331PubMed Central: PMC12587784DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.28Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This study investigates the presence and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae, a zoonotic bacteria, in cattle, horses, and humans in Egypt.
  • It applies the One Health approach to understand the cross-species transmission and resistance patterns to improve future surveillance and treatment strategies.

Introduction to the Problem

  • Zoonotic diseases, which spread between animals and humans, pose significant public health risks worldwide.
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important zoonotic pathogen known for causing infections in both animals and humans.
  • Antibiotic resistance in such pathogens complicates treatment and increases morbidity and mortality.
  • The One Health approach addresses zoonotic diseases by integrating human, animal, and environmental health perspectives.

Study Objectives

  • To examine the presence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in cattle, horses, and humans within a specific Egyptian district.
  • To assess collaboration between human and animal health sectors in disease surveillance.
  • To analyze antimicrobial resistance genes to guide better treatment strategies for zoonotic klebsiellosis.
  • To identify associated risk factors contributing to infection transmission.

Methods

  • Sample collection: 50 raw milk samples from cattle, 50 nasal swabs from horses, and 50 sputum samples from humans.
  • Isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae using selective media: MacConkey’s agar and Xylose lysine deoxycholate media.
  • Antibiotic susceptibility testing performed on Mueller-Hinton agar plates for positive isolates.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect specific pathogen and antibiotic resistance genes in the isolates.
  • Analysis of risk factors associated with acquiring infections was conducted to better understand disease transmission dynamics.

Results

  • Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from:
    • 8% of cattle raw milk samples
    • 12% of horse nasal swabs
    • 16% of human sputum samples
  • Antibiotic resistance findings:
    • 100% resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
    • 93.3% resistance to cefotaxime
    • 86.66% resistance to cephalexin (cepaxime)
    • 66.66% resistance to tetracycline
  • PCR results:
    • 11 of 18 positive isolates confirmed as Klebsiella pneumoniae
    • 10 of 11 PCR-positive isolates carried a specific resistance gene (not named in abstract)
    • All 11 PCR-positive samples contained another common resistance gene (gene name not specified)

Significance and Implications

  • The study highlights the underestimated zoonotic risk posed by Klebsiella pneumoniae in animals and humans in Egypt.
  • Presence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae indicates a serious treatment challenge for both veterinary and human medicine.
  • Demonstrates the value of the One Health approach in disease surveillance, emphasizing integrated efforts among human and animal health sectors.
  • Points to the need for continuous innovation and cooperation to design effective surveillance strategies that can limit transmission between animals and humans.
  • Suggests that future medical treatments need to consider the genetic basis of antibiotic resistance to improve clinical outcomes in zoonotic infections.

Conclusion

  • The research underscores the importance of a comprehensive One Health framework to address multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections.
  • It calls for vigilant, continued monitoring and enhanced collaboration between veterinary and public health authorities in Egypt and similar settings.
  • Ultimately, this integrative approach is pivotal for controlling the spread of antibiotic-resistant zoonoses and protecting public health.

Cite This Article

APA
Eissa N, Salman MB, Younes AM, Mohamed ESA, Abu-Seida AM, Abdulkarim A, Zin Eldin AI. (2025). One health approach on zoonotic multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Egyptian cattle, horses, and humans. Open Vet J, 15(9), 4219-4234. https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i9.28

Publication

Open veterinary journal
ISSN: 2218-6050
NlmUniqueID: 101653182
Country: Libya
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 9
Pages: 4219-4234

Researcher Affiliations

Eissa, Nourhan
  • Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Cairo, Egypt.
Salman, Marwa B
  • Department of Zoonotic Diseases, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Younes, Abdelgayed M
  • Hydrobiology Department, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Mohamed, El Shymaa A
  • Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Abu-Seida, Ashraf M
  • Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Abdulkarim, Abdulrahman
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Omar Almukhtar University, Bayda, Libya.
Zin Eldin, Asmaa I
  • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae / drug effects
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae / isolation & purification
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Klebsiella Infections / veterinary
  • Klebsiella Infections / microbiology
  • Klebsiella Infections / epidemiology
  • Egypt / epidemiology
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
  • One Health
  • Cattle
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Zoonoses / microbiology
  • Zoonoses / epidemiology
  • Cattle Diseases / microbiology
  • Cattle Diseases / epidemiology
  • Risk Factors
  • Milk / microbiology
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests / veterinary

Conflict of Interest Statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

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