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Home / Equine Research Bank / Arch Virol / Pathogenesis of equine herpesvirus-1 in specific pathogen-fr...
Archives of virology1992; 123(3-4); 351-366; doi: 10.1007/BF01317269

Pathogenesis of equine herpesvirus-1 in specific pathogen-free foals: primary and secondary infections and reactivation.

Abstract: Six specific pathogen-free foals shown to be free of equine herpesvirus-1 and 4 (EHV-1 and -4) and lacking in maternally-derived antibodies were used to investigate the pathogenesis of EHV-1 in horses. Following primary intranasal inoculation with EHV-1 all foals showed signs of a mild, self-limiting upper respiratory tract infection. A leucopenia was observed, comprising both a lymphopenia and neutropenia. Virus was isolated from nasal mucus and buffy coat cells over several days during the clinical episode and after the animals became clinically normal. Notwithstanding the mildness of the clinical disease, virus was not eliminated completely and intravenous administration of dexamethasone resulted in reactivation of latent EHV-1 in animals which had received only a single dose of the virus. In a second infection given to four foals, 61 days after the primary inoculation, no clinical signs were observed, haematological changes were minimal and viraemia was absent.
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Publication Date: 1992-01-01 PubMed ID: 1314051DOI: 10.1007/BF01317269Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study investigates how Equine Herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) affects horses, particularly foals. It focuses on how the virus behaves during primary and secondary infections and how it can reactivate.

Study Subjects and Methods

  • The study observed six specific pathogen-free foals that were without any equine herpesvirus (EHV-1 and -4) or maternally-derived antibodies. This means the foals have been kept in conditions providing no exposure to EHV-1 and EHV-4 viruses and also lacked any innate-protection passed from the mother to the foal during birth.
  • The foals were intranasally inoculated (administered through the nose) with EHV-1 to begin the study.

Observations from Primary Infection

  • After the primary inoculation, all foals exhibited signs of a mild, self-limiting upper respiratory infection. Self-limiting means it healed on its own over time without any need for further medical intervention.
  • The foals showed a drop-in white blood cells, both lymphocytes (lymphopenia) and neutrophils (neutropenia). These cells play a crucial role in the body’s immune system and a reduction in their count can lead to a weakened immune system.
  • The virus was isolated from the nasal mucus and buffy coat cells (a component of blood containing white blood cells and platelets) during the clinical episode and also after the animals appeared normal. This indicates that the virus was not entirely eliminated and could be present even without showing clinical signs.

Virus Reactivation

  • The research went further to investigate the reactivation of the virus by administering dexamethasone intravenously. Dexamethasone is a type of steroid medication known to suppress the immune system.
  • Reactivation was observed in animals that had only received a single dose of EHV-1, suggesting that even one encounter with the virus can result in a dormant or latent state that can reactivate under specific conditions.

Secondary Infection

  • The study conducted a second infection on four foals about two months after the primary infection. No clinical signs of the disease were evident, haematological changes (changes in blood components) were nominal, and viraemia (presence of virus in the blood) was absent.
  • This suggests the secondary antibody immune response might have been initiated in the foals, providing them immunity against the EHV-1 infection during the second exposure.

Cite This Article

APA
Gibson JS, Slater JD, Awan AR, Field HJ. (1992). Pathogenesis of equine herpesvirus-1 in specific pathogen-free foals: primary and secondary infections and reactivation. Arch Virol, 123(3-4), 351-366. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01317269

Publication

Archives of virology
ISSN: 0304-8608
NlmUniqueID: 7506870
Country: Austria
Language: English
Volume: 123
Issue: 3-4
Pages: 351-366

Researcher Affiliations

Gibson, J S
  • Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, U.K.
Slater, J D
    Awan, A R
      Field, H J

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Body Temperature
        • Culture Techniques / veterinary
        • Dexamethasone / pharmacology
        • Female
        • Fluorescent Antibody Technique
        • Hematologic Tests / veterinary
        • Herpesviridae Infections / immunology
        • Herpesviridae Infections / physiopathology
        • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
        • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / growth & development
        • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
        • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / physiology
        • Horse Diseases / microbiology
        • Horses
        • Immunity, Active
        • Male
        • Neutralization Tests
        • Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
        • Virus Activation
        • Virus Replication

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