Pathogenicity of a new neurotropic equine herpesvirus 9 (gazelle herpesvirus 1) in horses.
Abstract: Pathogenicity of equine herpesvirus 9 (EHV-9), a new type of equine herpesvirus isolated from Gazella thomsoni, in horses was investigated by intranasal inoculation of EHV-9 (10(7) pfu) to two conventionally reared 8-months old half-bred weanling horses. Fever higher than 39 degrees C was recorded. Virus was recovered from nasal swabs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Both horses developed neutralizing antibody to EHV-9. Perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells and glial reaction were found in the olfactory and limbic systems. The results suggested that EHV-9 has a pathogenicity in horses.
Publication Date: 2000-03-17 PubMed ID: 10720196DOI: 10.1292/jvms.62.215Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research focuses on studying the pathogenicity or disease-causing ability of a new type of equine herpesvirus discovered in Thomson’s gazelles, branded as EHV-9, in affecting horses.
Objective of the Study
- This experimental study aims to explore and record the effects of EHV-9, a newly identified type of equine herpesvirus isolated from Gazella thomsoni (Thomson’s gazelles), on horses when it is intranasally inoculated.
Methodology
- The researchers conducted their investigation by intranasally inoculating two conventionally reared, eight-month-old, half-bred weanling horses with EHV-9 (at the concentration of 10(7) pfu).
Findings
- The research found that post-inoculation, both horses experienced fever higher than 39 degrees Celsius.
- It was discovered that the virus replicated or survived in the horses as it was recovered from nasal swabs as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which are vital components of the immune system.
- Both horses were seen to have developed a neutralizing antibody to EHV-9, meaning their immune systems were fighting back against the infection.
- The horses also exhibited perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells and a glial reaction. This points to the immune response of the body trying to sequester the infection, and a possible effect on the nervous system (as suggested by the term ‘glial’, relating to the supportive cells in the central nervous system).
- This particular inflammatory response was found in the olfactory and the limbic systems of the horses, providing further evidence of the potential neurotropic (affecting the nervous system) effects of EHV-9.
Conclusion
- The study concludes by suggesting that the EHV-9 does indeed pose pathogenic potential in horses, meaning it has the ability to cause disease in this animal population.
Cite This Article
APA
Taniguchi A, Fukushi H, Matsumura T, Yanai T, Masegi T, Hirai K.
(2000).
Pathogenicity of a new neurotropic equine herpesvirus 9 (gazelle herpesvirus 1) in horses.
J Vet Med Sci, 62(2), 215-218.
https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.62.215 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University, Japan.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Body Temperature
- Brain / pathology
- Brain / virology
- Cell Line
- Dogs
- Herpesviridae Infections / pathology
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesviridae Infections / virology
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Lung / pathology
- Lung / virology
- Neutralization Tests / veterinary
- Varicellovirus / pathogenicity
- Virus Shedding
Citations
This article has been cited 12 times.- Tallmadge RL, Laverack M, Lejeune M, Crossley B, Diel DG. A multiplex real-time PCR assay for detection of equid herpesvirus 1 and 4. Sci Rep 2025 Oct 31;15(1):38201.
- Liu D, Zhao X, Wang X. The Genomic Characterization of Equid Alphaherpesviruses: Structure, Function, and Genetic Similarity. Vet Sci 2025 Mar 3;12(3).
- Oladunni FS, Horohov DW, Chambers TM. EHV-1: A Constant Threat to the Horse Industry. Front Microbiol 2019;10:2668.
- Moeller RB Jr, Crossley B, Pipkin A, Li Y, Balasuriya UBR. Systemic equid alphaherpesvirus 9 in a Grant's zebra. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018 Jul;30(4):580-583.
- Garvey M, Suárez NM, Kerr K, Hector R, Moloney-Quinn L, Arkins S, Davison AJ, Cullinane A. Equid herpesvirus 8: Complete genome sequence and association with abortion in mares. PLoS One 2018;13(2):e0192301.
- Saleh AG, Anwar SI, Abas OM, Abd-Ellatieff HA, Nasr M, Saleh I, Fukushi H, Yanai T. Effect of a single point mutation on equine herpes virus 9 (EHV-9) neuropathogenicity after intranasal inoculation in a hamster model. J Vet Med Sci 2017 Aug 18;79(8):1426-1436.
- Abdelgawad A, Damiani A, Ho SY, Strauss G, Szentiks CA, East ML, Osterrieder N, Greenwood AD. Zebra Alphaherpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-9): Genetic Diversity, Latency and Co-Infections. Viruses 2016 Sep 20;8(9).
- Abdelgawad A, Hermes R, Damiani A, Lamglait B, Czirják GÁ, East M, Aschenborn O, Wenker C, Kasem S, Osterrieder N, Greenwood AD. Comprehensive Serology Based on a Peptide ELISA to Assess the Prevalence of Closely Related Equine Herpesviruses in Zoo and Wild Animals. PLoS One 2015;10(9):e0138370.
- Fukushi H, Yamaguchi T, Yamada S. Complete genome sequence of equine herpesvirus type 9. J Virol 2012 Dec;86(24):13822.
- El-Habashi N, El-Nahass el-S, Fukushi H, Hibi D, Sakai H, Sasseville V, Yanai T. Experimental intranasal infection of equine herpesvirus 9 (EHV-9) in suckling hamsters: kinetics of viral transmission and inflammation in the nasal cavity and brain. J Neurovirol 2010 May;16(3):242-8.
- Schrenzel MD, Tucker TA, Donovan TA, Busch MD, Wise AG, Maes RK, Kiupel M. New hosts for equine herpesvirus 9. Emerg Infect Dis 2008 Oct;14(10):1616-9.
- Mori I, Nishiyama Y, Yokochi T, Kimura Y. Olfactory transmission of neurotropic viruses. J Neurovirol 2005 Apr;11(2):129-37.
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