Performance of the 808-nm diode laser on equine upper airway tissue is enhanced by intravenous administration of indocyanine green.
Abstract: The objective was to develop a protocol whereby 808-nm diode laser irradiation combined with intravenous (IV) indocyanine green (ICG) could be used in non-contact mode with equal surgical efficacy to the Nd:YAG on equine tissues. Background: The 808-nm diode laser, delivering 20-40 W of power, has been produced for veterinary medical applications. This laser's power output is less than that of most neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers. ICG is absorbed at a wavelength of 810 nm, which when concentrated in tissue should be an excellent absorber for the energy produced by the 808-nm diode laser. Methods: This study compares the depths and widths of thermal penetration achieved with the 808-nm diode laser in equine respiratory tissue after intravenous injection of ICG. ICG was administered at two doses: 1.5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg. The 808-nm diode laser and Nd:YAG laser were set to deliver 200 J of energy. The depths and widths of thermal penetration obtained were compared. Results: Lesion depth and width tended to be greater in the ICG + 3 mg/kg group than in the ICG + 1.5 mg/kg group. Even so, the 1.5-mg/kg dose substantially increased the efficacy of the diode laser. Plasma ICG concentrations peaked at 5 min post-administration and then dropped markedly; lesion depth decreased after peaking at 7 min post-administration. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the 808-nm diode laser, when augmented with intravenous ICG, will be as effective a surgical tool as the Nd:YAG laser on equine upper airway tissues when applied using a non-contact fiber.
Publication Date: 2007-11-03 PubMed ID: 17975959DOI: 10.1089/pho.2007.2107Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research article explores how the performance of the 808-nm diode laser for surgical purposes on equine upper airway tissue could be improved by the administration of indocyanine green (ICG) intravenously. It was found that the combined use of the laser and ICG showed equal surgical efficacy to the neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser.
Background and Objectives
- The primary objective of the research was to develop an approach where the 808-nm diode laser can be used in a non-contact mode in conjunction with intravenous ICG and show the same surgical effect as the Nd:YAG laser on horse tissues.
- The 808-nm diode laser is used for veterinary medical applications and delivers 20-40W of power. It has lesser power output than the Nd:YAG lasers.
- ICG is an agent that is absorbed at a wavelength of 810 nm. This property makes it an excellent absorber for energy produced by the 808-nm diode laser, particularly when it is concentrated in tissue. The idea, therefore, was to use ICG to improve the performance of the 808-nm diode laser.
Methodology
- The researchers compared the depths and widths of thermal penetration achieved with the 808-nm diode laser in horse respiratory tissue after administering ICG intravenously. The ICG was administered at two doses, 1.5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg.
- Both the 808-nm diode laser and the Nd:YAG laser were fixed to deliver 200J of energy, and the depths and widths of thermal penetration obtained were then compared.
Results
- The analysis found that the depth and width of lesions were typically greater in the ICG + 3 mg/kg group in comparison to the ICG + 1.5 mg/kg group.
- However, the 1.5 mg/kg dose significantly improved the efficacy of the diode laser.
- Intravenous ICG concentrations peaked at 5 minutes after administration and then dropped sharply. Correspondingly, the depth of the lesion also decreased after peaking at 7 minutes after administration.
Conclusions
- The study concluded that the 808-nm diode laser, when enhanced with intravenous ICG, can be as effective a surgical tool as the Nd:YAG laser on equine upper airway tissues when using a non-contact fiber.
Cite This Article
APA
Tate LP, Blikslager AT, Papich MG.
(2007).
Performance of the 808-nm diode laser on equine upper airway tissue is enhanced by intravenous administration of indocyanine green.
Photomed Laser Surg, 25(5), 443-448.
https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2007.2107 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences (LPT, ATB), North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA. jock_tate@ncsu.edu
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Coloring Agents / administration & dosage
- Coloring Agents / pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Horses
- Indocyanine Green / administration & dosage
- Indocyanine Green / pharmacology
- Injections, Intravenous
- Laser Therapy / instrumentation
- Laser Therapy / methods
- Lasers, Semiconductor
- Nasal Mucosa / drug effects
- Nasal Mucosa / radiation effects
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Verhaar N, Geburek F. Real-time ancillary diagnostics for intraoperative assessment of intestinal viability in horses-looking for answers across species. Vet Surg 2025 May;54(4):648-664.
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