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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(3); 743; doi: 10.3390/ani11030743

Peripheral Modulators of the Central Fatigue Development and Their Relationship with Athletic Performance in Jumper Horses.

Abstract: The current study aimed to investigate whether peripheral modulators of serotoninergic function and neurohumoral factors' changes in athletic horses during an official jumping competition, and to evaluate their relationship with the physical performance of competing horses. From 7 Italian Saddle mares (6-9 years; mean body weight 440 ± 15 kg), performing the same standardized warm-up and jumping course during an official class, heart rate (HR) was monitored throughout the competition. Rectal temperature (RT) measurement, blood lactate and glucose concentration, serum tryptophan, leucine, valine, the tryptophan/branched-chain amino-acids ratio (Try/BCAAs), dopamine, prolactin, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were assessed before the exercise event (T0), at the end of the competition stage (5 min ± 10 s following the cessation of the exercise, T), and 30 min after the end of competition (T). Highest HR values were recorded during the course and at the outbound ( < 0.0001); blood lactate concentration and RT increased after exercise with respect to the rest condition ( < 0.0001). Lower leucine and valine levels ( < 0.01), and higher tryptophan, Try/BCAAs ratio, and NEFAs values were found at T and T with respect to T0 ( < 0.0001). A higher prolactin concentration was found at T and T compared to T0 ( < 0.0001), whereas dopamine showed decreased values after exercise compared to rest ( < 0.0001). Statistically significant correlations among the peripheral indices of serotoninergic function, neurohumoral factors, and athletic performance parameters were found throughout the monitoring period. The findings provide indirect evidence that the serotoninergic system may be involved in fatigue during jumper exercise under a stressful situation, such as competition, in which, in addition to physical effort, athletic horses exhibit more passive behavior.
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Publication Date: 2021-03-08 PubMed ID: 33800520PubMed Central: PMC8002136DOI: 10.3390/ani11030743Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores the connection between peripheral serotonin indicators and neurohumoral factors in jumper horses during competitions, and how these factors relate to their physical performance. This is achieved by observing changes in certain biochemical and physiological markers before and after the competition.

Objective and Methodology

  • The purpose of the study is to identify a possible relationship between fatigue development in competition horses and certain blood parameters that can modulate serotonin functioning.
  • The researchers monitored the jumps of 7 athletic horses during a standard official competition, tracking their heart rates, rectal temperature, blood sugar content, blood lactate levels, amino acid concentration, as well as dopamine, prolactin and NEFA levels at different time points: before, right after, and 30 minutes after the competition.

Observations and Results

  • High heart rate values were recorded during the competition, indicating increased activity and potential stress.
  • Notable changes immediately and 30 minutes after the practice included: an increase in rectal temperature and blood lactate concentration, higher tryptophan, Try/BCAAs ratio, NEFA values and prolactin concentration; in contrast, leucine, valine, and dopamine levels were decreased after exercise.
  • Statistically significant correlations were found among these serotonin system indicators, neurohumoral factors, and the performance parameters of the horses, suggesting that these factors may be related to fatigue development during a competition.
  • The findings suggest that the serotoninergic system may be involved in fatigue during jumper exercise, especially under competition conditions, with horses showing more passive behavior alongside physical exertion.

Conclusion and Implication

  • The findings provide valuable insights into our understanding of the physiology of athletic performance in horses, particularly horse jumping, and point to potential strategies for managing competition-induced stress and fatigue.
  • The design of the study itself set a good premise for future research into the field of equine performance, especially in understanding the influence of neurohumoral factors and serotoninergic function modulators on the performance of horses in different types of activities and stress conditions.

Cite This Article

APA
Arfuso F, Giannetto C, Giudice E, Fazio F, Panzera M, Piccione G. (2021). Peripheral Modulators of the Central Fatigue Development and Their Relationship with Athletic Performance in Jumper Horses. Animals (Basel), 11(3), 743. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030743

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
PII: 743

Researcher Affiliations

Arfuso, Francesca
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Giannetto, Claudia
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Giudice, Elisabetta
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Fazio, Francesco
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Panzera, Michele
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Piccione, Giuseppe
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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