Topic:Competition

Analysis of Tokyo 2020 Olympic modern pentathlon equestrian jumping results.
Journal of equine veterinary science    April 29, 2024   Volume 136 105068 doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105068
Foreman JH.Modern Pentathlon (MP) includes an equestrian Jumping discipline, with horses drawn blindly by unfamiliar riders. At the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Summer Games, concerns regarding inadequate horsemanship generated adverse publicity for MP. Conventional stadium Jumping in Tokyo provided an opportunity for comparison of the two closest Olympic equestrian Jumping disciplines. The objectives of this study were to complete an objective analysis of the Tokyo MP riding phases, and to test the hypothesis that MP riding faults in women's and men's Tokyo competitions combined were more frequent than in the Ind...
Presence of Gastric Ulcers in Horses Used for Historical Races in Italy.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI    April 22, 2024   Volume 14, Issue 8 1247 doi: 10.3390/ani14081247
Busechian S, Orvieto S, Nocera I, Rueca F.Equine Gastric Ulcers Syndrome (EGUS) is a worldwide disease present in equids of different breeds, activity levels, and age groups. It is divided into two different illnesses: Equine Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD) affecting the squamous mucosa and Equine Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD) affecting the glandular mucosa. The historical horserace is a traditional competition that is common in Italy. They can be divided into two different types: speed races and jousting tournaments. Anglo-Arabians and Thoroughbreds are used for the two competitions with training and management systems similar to ...
First National Prevalence in Italian Horse Population and Phylogenesis Highlight a Fourth Sub-Type Candidate of Equine Hepacivirus.
Viruses    April 16, 2024   Volume 16, Issue 4 616 doi: 10.3390/v16040616
Equine hepacivirus (EqHV, , hepacivirus) is a small, enveloped RNA virus generally causing sub-clinical hepatitis with occasional fatalities. EqHV is reported in equids worldwide, but for Italy data are limited. To address this, a survey study was set up to estimate prevalence at a national level and among different production categories (equestrian; competition; work and meat; reproduction) and national macro-regions (North, Central, South, and Islands). Data obtained testing 1801 horse serum samples by Real-Time RT PCR were compared within the categories and regions. The NS3 fragment of the ...
Treatment of Equine Tarsus Long Medial Collateral Ligament Desmitis with Allogenic Synovial Membrane Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Enhanced by Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium: Proof of Concept.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI    January 24, 2024   Volume 14, Issue 3 370 doi: 10.3390/ani14030370
Leal Reis I, Lopes B, Sousa P, Sousa AC, Branquinho MV, Caseiro AR, Ru00eama A, Briote I, Mendonu00e7a CM, Santos JM, Atayde LM, Alvites RD....Horses are high-performance athletes prone to sportive injuries such as tendonitis and desmitis. The formation of fibrous tissue in tendon repair remains a challenge to overcome. This impels regenerative medicine to develop innovative therapies that enhance regeneration, retrieving original tissue properties. Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been successfully used to develop therapeutic products, as they secrete a variety of bioactive molecules that play a pivotal role in tissue regeneration. These factors are released in culture media for producing a conditioned medium (...
Prejudicial findings regarding suitability for intended purpose during pre-purchase examinations in a mixed horse population-A retrospective observational study in the United Kingdom.
Equine veterinary journal    January 17, 2024   doi: 10.1111/evj.14061
Shelton AV, Tupper J, Bolt DM.Pre-purchase examinations (PPEs) are performed for prospective purchasers of horses to identify prejudicial findings that could make animals unsuitable for an intended use. Although this examination process is often standardised, PPEs remain, in large parts, a subjective procedure. In the United Kingdom, PPEs generally consist of either a two stage (two stage vetting [2SV], i.e., general physical examination at rest and basic trot in-hand) or a five stage-examination (five stage vetting [5SV], i.e., general physical exam at rest and after exercise, lameness evaluation including strenuous exerc...
‘I want to be the sort of owner that he wants me to be’: Rationales for biosecurity implementation among British horse owners.
Equine veterinary journal    January 4, 2024   doi: 10.1111/evj.14047
Spence KL, Rosanowski SM, Slater J, Cardwell JM.Horse owners play a critical role in mitigating the risk of pathogen spread between horses. However, little is known about how they view biosecurity and whether they experience barriers to the uptake of preventive measures. Objective: To explore horse owners' attitudes, perceptions, and experiences of biosecurity and identify how these factors shape horse owners' decisions for biosecurity implementation. Methods: Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 23 horse owners across Great Britain. Participants were purposively selected to include tho...
Follow-Up Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Sagittal Groove Disease of the Equine Proximal Phalanx Using a Classification System in 29 Non-Racing Sports Horses.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI    December 21, 2023   Volume 14, Issue 1 34 doi: 10.3390/ani14010034
Faulkner JE, Joostens Z, Broeckx BJG, Hauspie S, Mariu00ebn T, Vanderperren K.Evolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in horses with sagittal groove disease (SGD) of the proximal phalanx is relatively sparsely described. This retrospective, descriptive, longitudinal study describes the findings of sequential low-field MRI fetlock examinations in horses with SGD of the proximal phalanx using a classification system. Twenty-nine horses were included, predominantly warmbloods used for show jumping (79%). For 29 limbs re-examined during the initial rehabilitation period, classification remained constant (n = 18), increased (n = 2), decreased (n = 7), and fluc...
Plants that Contaminate Feed and Forage and Poison Horses: Equine Ttxicology.
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice    December 6, 2023   S0749-0739(23)00075-5 doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.11.003
Stegelmeier BL, Davis TZ.Many toxic plants are unpalatable to horses and are not eaten when alternative forage is available. However, when such plants contaminate prepared or baled feed and forage, herd competition and improved palatability can alter acceptance and thereby cause equine plant poisonings. Dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants; cocklebur; Salvia reflexa; kleingrass, switchgrass, and other saponin-containing grasses; jimson weed, black henbane, and other tropane alkaloid-containing plants; lantana; Cassia spp and other myotoxic plants; castor bean; cyanogenic glycoside-containing plants; thiamin...
Characterization of Equine Rhinitis B Virus Infection in Clinically Ill Horses in the United States during the Period 2012-2023.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)    November 7, 2023   Volume 12, Issue 11 1324 doi: 10.3390/pathogens12111324
Schneider C, James K, Craig BW, Chappell DE, Vaala W, van Harreveld PD, Wright CA, Barnum S, Pusterla N.Equine rhinitis B virus is a lesser-known equine respiratory pathogen that is being detected with increasing frequency via a voluntary upper respiratory biosurveillance program in the United States. This program received 8684 nasal swab submissions during the years 2012-2023. The nasal swabs were submitted for qPCR testing for six common upper respiratory pathogens: subspecies (), equine influenza virus (EIV), equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), equine herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4), equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV), and equine rhinitis B virus (ERBV). The overall ERBV qPCR-positivity rate was 5.08...
A Delphi Study to Determine International and National Equestrian Expert Opinions on Domains and Sub-Domains Essential to Managing Sporthorse Health and Welfare in the Olympic Disciplines.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI    November 2, 2023   Volume 13, Issue 21 3404 doi: 10.3390/ani13213404
Williams JM, Berg LC, Clayton HM, Kirsch K, Marlin D, Randle H, Roepstroff L, Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MSV, Weishaupt MA, Munsters C.The public is increasingly questioning equestrianism's social license to operate. While the focus historically centered on horseracing, increased scrutiny is now being placed on how dressage, showjumping, and eventing are addressing equine management and welfare concerns. Nominated equestrian federation and equestrian organization experts ( = 104) directly involved in international and/or national-level horse sports took part in a four-stage, iterative Delphi to obtain consensus on what factors should be considered essential to manage sporthorse health and welfare. Five core domains were agree...
Training vs. racing: A comparison of arrhythmias and the repeatability of findings in Thoroughbred Chuckwagon racehorses.
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)    October 28, 2023   Volume 300-302 106040 doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.106040
Massie SL, Bezugley RJ, McDonald KJ, Lu00e9guillette R.Arrhythmias are commonly reported in exercising horses, however due to regulatory constraints electrocardiograms (ECGs) are acquired during training but not competition, raising questions about the repeatability of findings. The aims were (1) compare training and competition arrhythmias and (2) describe the repeatability of arrhythmias during maximal-intensity exercise. A convenience sample of 52 healthy Thoroughbreds (aged 8.7 ± 2.5 years) competing in the World Professional Chuckwagon Association were obtained, totaling 152 training or competition ECGs (2-7 ECGs/horse). Speed, heart rate ...
Early life jumping traits: Are they good proxies for success in show jumping competitions in Belgian warmblood horses? Chapard L, Meyermans R, Gorssen W, Hooyberghs K, Meurrens I, De Smet S, Buys N, Janssens S.The main goal of the Belgian Warmblood horse studbook (BWP) is to breed successful competition horses, with emphasis on show jumping. However, competition results are only available later in life and competition traits are lowly heritable. Hence, the use of phenotypes that record performance-related traits at an early life stage could help increase genetic progress. In this study, we evaluated the potential of eleven linear scored early life jumping traits assessed during jumping in freedom (2-5 years old) or under the saddle (4-6 years old) as proxies for later success in show jumping com...
Genetic analysis of geometric morphometric 3D visuals of French jumping horses.
Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE    September 18, 2023   Volume 55, Issue 1 63 doi: 10.1186/s12711-023-00837-8
Ricard A, Crevier-Denoix N, Pourcelot P, Crichan H, Sabbagh M, Dumont-Saint-Priest B, Danvy S.For centuries, morphology has been the most commonly selected trait in horses. A 3D video recording enabled us to obtain the coordinates of 43 anatomical landmarks of 2089 jumping horses. Generalized Procrustes analysis provided centered and scaled coordinates that were independent of volume, i.e., centroid size. Genetic analysis of these coordinates (mixed model; 17,994 horses in the pedigree) allowed us to estimate a variance-covariance matrix. New phenotypes were then defined: the "summarized shapes". They were obtained by linear combinations of Procrustes coordinates with, as coefficients,...
Factors associated with safe completion of Fédération Equestre Internationale eventing cross-country (2008-2018).
Equine veterinary journal    September 12, 2023   doi: 10.1111/evj.14002
Bennet ED, Cameron-Whytock H, Parkin TDH.Equestrian eventing involves competing in three phases: dressage, jumping, and cross-country. Competitors are ranked by number of penalties accrued-with those who have fewer penalties ranked higher. Completing the cross-country phase with zero obstacle penalties is commonly referred to as 'running clear'. Understanding factors associated with running clear can help athletes plan strategically for success, while also helping governing bodies to refine qualification criteria for elite levels. Objective: This study was carried out to identify factors associated with running clear in the cross-cou...
High-level competition exercise and related fatigue are associated with stride and jumping characteristics in eventing horses.
Equine veterinary journal    September 11, 2023   doi: 10.1111/evj.13999
Burger D, Vidondo B, Gerber V, Deillon D, Mu00fcller A, Scheidegger M, Ku00e4ser R, Ramseyer A.Fatigue and related injuries to the musculoskeletal system are among the most frequent reasons for the withdrawal of high-level eventing horses from the sport. The safety of both horse and rider is very important, and early detection of fatigue is crucial. Objective: To investigate elite eventing horses in competitive events focusing on biomechanical, cardiovascular and metabolic variables across the cross-country test and to identify their potential associations with fatigue. Methods: Prospective observational exploratory field study. Methods: Observations on 54 cross-country tests of 33 hors...
A case of equine piroplasmosis in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games.
Journal of equine science    September 8, 2023   Volume 34, Issue 3 93-99 doi: 10.1294/jes.34.93
Aida H, Foreman JH, Ochi A, Takizawa Y, Yamanaka T.Equine piroplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. A competition horse that had been imported to the Equestrian Park for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and had a fever over 40°C and severe anemia was diagnosed with equine piroplasmosis by blood smear and direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for Theileria equi. Treatment with protozoan anthelmintics and whole blood transfusion diminished the fever, improved the anemia, and allowed the horse to return home safely. Preparation for routine cases of this infection should include the development of a s...
Construction of an individual identification panel for horses using insertion and deletion markers.
Journal of equine science    August 9, 2023   Volume 34, Issue 3 83-92 doi: 10.1294/jes.34.83
Tozaki T, Ohnuma A, Kikuchi M, Ishige T, Kakoi H, Hirota KI, Nagata SI.Individual identification and paternity testing are important for avoiding inbreeding in the management of small populations of wild and domestic animals. In horse racing industries, they are extremely important for identifying and registering individuals and doping control to ensure fair competition. In this study, we constructed an individual identification panel for horses by using insertion and deletion (INDEL) markers. The panel included 39 INDEL markers selected from a whole-genome INDEL database. Genotyping of 89 Thoroughbreds showed polymorphisms with minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of...
Evaluating Overall Performance in High-Level Dressage Horse-Rider Combinations by Comparing Measurements from Inertial Sensors with General Impression Scores Awarded by Judges.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI    August 2, 2023   Volume 13, Issue 15 2496 doi: 10.3390/ani13152496
Hobbs SJ, Serra Braganca FM, Rhodin M, Hernlund E, Peterson M, Clayton HM.In the sport of dressage, one or more judges score the combined performance of a horse and rider with an emphasis on the technical correctness of the movements performed. At the end of the test, a single score is awarded for the 'general impression', which considers the overall performance of the horse and rider as a team. This study explored original measures that contributed to the general impression score in a group of 20 horse-rider combinations. Horses and riders were equipped with inertial measurement units (200 Hz) to represent the angular motion of a horse's back and the motions of a r...
Prevalence of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage, Tracheal Mucus and Recurrent Laryngeal Neuropathy in Competitive Draft Pulling Horses.
Journal of equine veterinary science    July 28, 2023   Volume 129 104895 doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104895
Burns JJ, MacMillan KM, John E.Respiratory disease is common in the horse population and is often associated with poor performance in equine athletes. Despite their outstanding strength and aerobic capacity, little regard is given to draft horses and the respiratory disorders they may encounter when performing athletic activity. For this reason, the objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the prevalence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), tracheal mucus (TM) and recurrent laryngeal hemiplegia (RLH) in a population of competitive draft pulling horses, and (2) to determine if there was an association betw...
A hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction applied for doping control of aromatase inhibitors from equine urine.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis    July 14, 2023   Volume 234 115583 doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115583
Chen Q, Wang Z, Chen H.Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) can indirectly cause increased testosterone in animals, which leads to the improvement of the athletic ability of horses. For the protection of horses and the consideration of fair competition, AIs were listed as prohibited drugs by the Federation Equestre Internationale (FEI). There were several disadvantages using traditional pretreatment methods before analyzing these drugs from biological samples. A rapid and green pretreatment method has been developed by utilizing the hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (D...
We have demonstrated the potential to make eventing safer: What will happen next?
Equine veterinary journal    June 29, 2023   Volume 55, Issue 5 723-726 doi: 10.1111/evj.13963
Bennet ED, Parkin T, Cameron-Whytock H.No abstract available
Between Leisure and Pressure-Veterinarians’ Attitudes towards the Care of Competition Horses in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI    June 27, 2023   Volume 13, Issue 13 doi: 10.3390/ani13132126
Springer S, Mihatsch DI, Grimm H, Jenner F.Equine veterinarians face a range of challenges when attending competition horses. Athletic goals may significantly impact veterinary decision making, and the veterinarian's work can be complicated by reputational considerations and rival opinions during an assessment of whether a horse is "fit to compete". Using an online questionnaire, we found that the majority of German, Austrian and Swiss equine veterinarians (N = 172) surveyed agreed that the owners of competition horses are more likely than owners of leisure horses to approach them with clear treatment ideas, and that the former have hi...
Retirement risk factors, exercise management and muscle mass in US senior horses.
Equine veterinary journal    June 21, 2023   doi: 10.1111/evj.13958
Herbst AC, Coleman MC, Macon EL, Brokman A, Stromberg AJ, Harris PA, Adams AA.Information on the management and health of US senior horses (≥15 years of age) is currently limited. Objective: Provide information on (1) primary use of US senior horses, (2) reasons and risk factors for horse retirement, (3) exercise management, (4) prevalence of low muscle mass and (5) risk factors for, and owner-perceived consequences of, low muscle mass. Methods: Online survey. Methods: Survey responses from 2717 owners of U.S.-resident senior horses (≥15 years of age) were analysed descriptively and inferentially, using ordered and binomial logistic regression, ANOVA and the Kru...
Investigation of optimal procedures for storage and use of plasma samples suitable for gene doping tests.
Journal of equine science    June 12, 2023   Volume 34, Issue 2 21-27 doi: 10.1294/jes.34.21
Tozaki T, Ohnuma A, Kikuchi M, Ishige T, Kakoi H, Hirota KI, Takahashi Y, Nagata SI.Gene doping, which is prohibited in horseracing and equestrian sports, can be performed by introducing exogenous genes, known as transgenes, into the bodies of postnatal animals. To detect exogenous genes, a method utilizing quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with a hydrolysis probe was developed to test whole blood and plasma samples, thereby protecting the fairness of competition and the rights of stakeholders in horseracing and equestrian sports. Therefore, we aimed to develop sample storage methods suitable for A and B samples in gene doping tests using blood. For sample A, suff...
Premature depolarisations in horses competing in United States Eventing Association and Fédération Equestre Internationale-sanctioned 3-day events.
Equine veterinary journal    May 30, 2023   doi: 10.1111/evj.13948
Durando MM, Slack J, Birks E, Belcher C, Kohn C.Injuries and sudden death during the cross-country (XC) phase of eventing have raised interest in the frequency and types of cardiac arrhythmias occurring in these equine athletes. Objective: To characterise the frequency and types of rhythm disturbances and examine possible risk factors for premature depolarisations (PDs) occurring during the XC phase of United States Eventing Association (USEA) and Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI)-sanctioned events. Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional study. Methods: Continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings were obtained from horses prior...
Effect of Physical Exercise in Hemogasometric and Electrolytic Profiles of Young Mangalarga Marchador Horses Beginning Training for Gait Competitions.
Journal of equine veterinary science    May 23, 2023   Volume 127 104823 doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104823
Nogueira WA, Ferreira Padilha FG, Angelo Luiz M, da Silva Salomu00e3o N, Monteiro Fonseca AB, Reis Ferreira AM.This study aimed to analyze effect of physical exercise in hemogasometric and electrolytic profiles of young Mangalarga Marchador horses beginning training for gait competitions. Six Mangalarga Marchador gaited horses with 6 months of training were evaluated. The ages ranged from three and a half to five years and included four stallions and two mares, with mean (±S.D.) body weight of 435±30Kg. Venous blood samples were collected from the horses, rectal temperature and HR were measured before and immediately after the gait test, and blood samples were used for hemogasometric and laboratory a...
Out of the stable: Social disruption and concurrent shifts in the feral mare (Equus caballus) fecal microbiota.
Ecology and evolution    May 11, 2023   Volume 13, Issue 5 e10079 doi: 10.1002/ece3.10079
Vaziri GJ, Jones MM, Carr HA, Nuu00f1ez CMV.The disruption of animals' symbiotic bacterial communities (their microbiota) has been associated with myriad factors including changes to the diet, hormone levels, and various stressors. The maintenance of healthy bacterial communities may be especially challenging for social species as their microbiotas are also affected by group membership, social relationships, microbial transfer between individuals, and social stressors such as increased competition and rank maintenance. We investigated the effects of increased social instability, as determined by the number of group changes made by femal...
Equine Behavioural and Physiological Responses to Auditory Stimuli in the Presence and Absence of Noise-Damping Ear Covers.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI    May 8, 2023   Volume 13, Issue 9 1574 doi: 10.3390/ani13091574
Hole C, Murray R, Marlin D, Freeman P.Despite numerous studies investigating responses to visual perception, there is limited research into how horses respond to different auditory stimuli. Although 'noise-damping' ear covers are frequently used on sport horses to minimise distraction from external auditory stimuli, the effectiveness of ear covers has not been established. This study aimed to (i) investigate the responses of horses to different sounds commonly present in a competition environment, and (ii) compare these responses in the presence and absence of ear covers. A total of 18 horses were presented with 5 sounds commonly ...
In-depth metabolic study of nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator GSK2881078 in thoroughbred horses and horse liver microsomes for doping control.
Drug testing and analysis    March 27, 2023   Volume 15, Issue 7 757-768 doi: 10.1002/dta.3469
Karatt TK, Sathiq MA, Laya S, Kal AKK, Subhahar MB, Muhammed Ajeebsanu MP, Philip M, Caveney MR, Graiban FM.Nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are a novel class of compounds that have not yet been clinically approved; however, they appear to have a better anabolic/androgenic ratio than steroids and cause slighter side effects. Sports drug testing laboratories are required to maintain continuously updated doping control analytical methods in light of the widespread misuse of SARMs in elite and amateur sports. This paper describes the metabolic conversion of SARM GSK2881078 in thoroughbred horses following oral administration and in vitro with equine liver microsomes. A liquid...
Control of a sulfadoxine/trimethoprim combination in the competition horse: Elimination, metabolism and detection following an intravenous administration.
Drug testing and analysis    March 22, 2023   Volume 15, Issue 6 629-645 doi: 10.1002/dta.3461
Schenk I, Broussou D, Roques B, Lagershausen H, Machnik M, Ru00f6ttgen H, Toutain PL, Thevis M.The combination of sulfadoxine (SDO) with trimethoprim (TMP) is widely used in veterinarian medicine. The aim of the present study was to compare excretion profiles and detection time windows of SDO and TMP in plasma and urine by means of a validated quantitative method. Eight horses received a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of 2.7 mg TMP and 13.4 mg SDO per kg bodyweight. Plasma and urine samples were collected up to 15 and 70 days post-administration, respectively. While urine samples underwent an enzymatic hydrolysis, plasma samples were proteolysed before further analysis. After solid-...
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