Peritoneal D-dimer concentration for assessing peritoneal fibrinolytic activity in horses with colic.
Abstract: Plasma D-dimer concentration is a useful marker to assess systemic coagulation and fibrinolytic activities in humans, dogs, and horses. Peritoneal fibrinolytic activity increases in horses with colic, especially in horses with endotoxin in the peritoneal fluid. Objective: Peritoneal D-dimer concentration can be used to assess peritoneal fibrinolytic activity in horses with severe gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and altered peritoneal fluid. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-one colic horses and 15 control horses. Methods: Prospective observational clinical study. Blood and peritoneal fluid were collected on admission. Horses were grouped according to diagnosis, peritoneal fluid analysis, and outcome. Peritoneal D-dimer concentration was determined, together with peritoneal tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) activities. Plasma D-dimer concentration also was measured. Results: Peritoneal D-dimer concentration was significantly higher in all colic groups compared with controls, and in horses with enteritis, peritonitis, and ischemic disorders compared with horses with large intestinal obstructions. Peritoneal D-dimer concentration was significantly higher in horses with altered peritoneal fluid (modified transudate and exudate) compared with horses with normal peritoneal fluid analysis. Plasma D-dimer concentration also was significantly higher in the peritonitis group, and in horses with altered peritoneal fluid analysis. Peritoneal and plasma D-dimer concentrations also were significantly higher in nonsurvivors. Peritoneal d-dimer concentration was significantly correlated with decreased peritoneal t-PA activity and increased peritoneal PAI-1 activity. Conclusions: Peritoneal D-dimer concentration is markedly higher in severe GI disorders, and it can be used to assess peritoneal fibrinolytic activity in horses with colic.
Publication Date: 2009-07-02 PubMed ID: 19566853DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0344.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article details a study which proposes the use of Peritoneal D-dimer concentration as a means to evaluate peritoneal fibrinolytic activity in horses suffering from severe gastrointestinal issues such as colic, indicating its critical role as a diagnostic tool for similar health conditions.
Objective
The main aim of the study is to establish whether the Peritoneal D-dimer concentration could be an effective method for determining the peritoneal fibrinolytic activity in horses affected by severe gastrointestinal disorders and having altered peritoneal fluid.
Methodology
- The study was a prospective observational clinical research involving 221 horses suffering from colic and 15 control horses.
- Both blood and peritoneal fluid samples were collected from the horses upon their admission into the study.
- The horses were then grouped according to their diagnosed condition, their peritoneal fluid analysis, and the eventual outcome of their medical condition.
- Examination of Peritoneal D-dimer concentration was conducted, along with an analysis of peritoneal tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) activities.
- Plasma D-dimer concentration was also measured for comparative purposes.
Results
- The study found that the Peritoneal D-dimer concentration was significantly higher in all colic horse groups compared to the control group, and in horses suffering from enteritis, peritonitis, and ischemic disorders as compared to horses with large intestinal obstructions.
- The results also showed a significantly higher Peritoneal D-dimer concentration in horses with altered peritoneal fluid (modified transudate and exudate) as compared with horses having a normal peritoneal fluid analysis.
- Horses diagnosed with peritonitis and those with altered peritoneal fluid analysis also had significantly higher plasma D-dimer concentration.
- The Peritoneal and plasma D-dimer levels were also significantly higher in horses that did not survive their respective medical conditions.
- A significant correlation was established between elevated Peritoneal d-dimer concentration and decreased peritoneal t-PA activity and increased peritoneal PAI-1 activity.
Conclusion
The study concluded that Peritoneal D-dimer concentration is unusually higher in horses with severe gastrointestinal disorders. As such, this can be used as an effective method to assess peritoneal fibrinolytic activity in horses suffering from colic. Given the significance of the results, it can be potentially employed as a diagnostic tool for severe gastrointestinal disorders in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Delgado MA, Monreal L, Armengou L, Ríos J, Segura D.
(2009).
Peritoneal D-dimer concentration for assessing peritoneal fibrinolytic activity in horses with colic.
J Vet Intern Med, 23(4), 882-889.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0344.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Servei de Medicina Interna Equina, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Ascitic Fluid / chemistry
- Biomarkers
- Case-Control Studies
- Colic / blood
- Colic / veterinary
- Female
- Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / analysis
- Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / metabolism
- Fibrinolysis / physiology
- Horse Diseases / metabolism
- Horses
- Male
- Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1
- Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Citations
This article has been cited 13 times.- Blangy-Letheule A, Vergnaud A, Dupas T, Rozec B, Lauzier B, Leroux AA. Spontaneous Sepsis in Adult Horses: From Veterinary to Human Medicine Perspectives. Cells 2023 Mar 30;12(7).
- Zoia A, Drigo M, Caldin M, Simioni P, Piek CJ. Fibrinolysis in Dogs with Intracavitary Effusion: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022 Sep 20;12(19).
- Barton AK, Richter IG, Ahrens T, Merle R, Alalwani A, Lilge S, Purschke K, Barnewitz D, Gehlen H. MMP-9 Concentration in Peritoneal Fluid Is a Valuable Biomarker Associated with Endotoxemia in Equine Colic. Mediators Inflamm 2021;2021:9501478.
- Zoia A, Drigo M, Piek CJ, Calcini H, Caldin M, Simioni P. Enhanced fibrinolysis detection in a natural occurring canine model with intracavitary effusions: Comparison and degree of agreement between thromboelastometry and FDPs, D-dimer and fibrinogen concentrations. PLoS One 2019;14(11):e0225089.
- Zoia A, Drigo M, Piek CJ, Simioni P, Caldin M. Hemostatic findings of pleural fluid in dogs and the association between pleural effusions and primary hyperfibrino(geno)lysis: A cohort study of 99 dogs. PLoS One 2018;13(2):e0192371.
- Barton AK, Wirth C, Bondzio A, Einspanier R, Gehlen H. Are pulmonary hemostasis and fibrinolysis out of balance in equine chronic pneumopathies?. J Vet Sci 2017 Sep 30;18(3):349-357.
- Barton AK, Gehlen H. Pulmonary Remodeling in Equine Asthma: What Do We Know about Mediators of Inflammation in the Horse?. Mediators Inflamm 2016;2016:5693205.
- Zoia A, Drigo M, Piek CJ, Simioni P, Caldin M. Hemostatic Findings in Ascitic Fluid: A Cross-Sectional Study in 70 Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017 Jan;31(1):43-50.
- Alonso Jde M, Rodrigues KA, Yamada AL, Watanabe MJ, Alves AL, Rodrigues CA, Hussni CA. Peritoneal reactivity evaluation in horses subjected to experimental small colon enterotomy and treated with subcutaneous heparin. Vet Med Int 2014;2014:385392.
- LeVine DN, Birkenheuer AJ, Brooks MB, Nordone SK, Bellinger DA, Jones SL, Fischer TH, Oglesbee SE, Frey K, Brinson NS, Peters AP, Marr HS, Motsinger-Reif A, Gudbrandsdottir S, Bussel JB, Key NS. A novel canine model of immune thrombocytopenia: has immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) gone to the dogs?. Br J Haematol 2014 Oct;167(1):110-20.
- Alonso Jde M, Alves AL, Watanabe MJ, Rodrigues CA, Hussni CA. Peritoneal response to abdominal surgery: the role of equine abdominal adhesions and current prophylactic strategies. Vet Med Int 2014;2014:279730.
- Brown JE, Noormohammadi AH, Courtman NF. Immunoreactivity of canine, feline, and equine D-dimer with antibodies to human D-dimer. J Vet Intern Med 2024 Jan-Feb;38(1):187-196.
- Busato F, Drigo M, Zoia A. Reduced risk of arterial thromboembolism in cats with pleural effusion due to congestive heart failure. J Feline Med Surg 2022 Aug;24(8):e142-e152.
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