Persistence and chronic urinary shedding of the aphthovirus equine rhinitis A virus.
Abstract: Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) is a member of the Aphthovirus genus, and has many physical and structural similarities to the prototype Aphthovirus foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). The pathogenesis of FMDV has been extensively studied, however, the similarities in the pathogenesis of ERAV and FMDV disease has not been well documented. This study describes and compares the pathogenesis of ERAV both in the natural host and a small animal model alternative (CBA mice). Distinct parallels in the pathogenesis of the acute infection of these two viruses are described where infection in the upper respiratory tract precedes shedding of high levels of virus from the nasopharynx and a transient viraemic phase before dissemination to distal sites. The finding that ERAV is maintained at high levels in the urine of infected horses for at least 37 days post infection, however, is a feature unique to ERAV amongst all of the picornaviruses.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2012-11-24 PubMed ID: 23183058DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.10.003Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research shortlists the pathogenesis of Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) in horses and CBA mice, discovering new findings about its persistence in the urine of infected horses. It also compares the pathogenesis of this virus with that of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), due to their structural and physical similarities.
Comparative study of ERAV and FMDV
- The study finds a comparative examination between the pathogenesis of Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) and foot-and mouth disease virus (FMDV). Both viruses are part of the Aphthovirus genus and share many physical and structural characteristics.
- While the pathogenesis of FMDV has been extensively studied, ERAV hasn’t been. This research discloses the process of ERAV disease development in conjunction with that of FMDV.
ERAV Pathogenesis in the Natural Host and Mice
- The research focuses on ERAV’s pathogenesis in its natural host (horses) and a small animal model alternative (CBA mice).
- The study suggests a well-defined order for the acute infection: infection in the upper respiratory tract, followed by substantial viral shedding from the nasopharynx, a temporary viraemic phase, and finally, dissemination to remote sites.
Unique Feature of ERAV Infection
- The research reveals a unique trait about ERAV infection amongst all of the picornaviruses. ERAV remains in the urine of infected horses at high levels for at least 37 days after infection.
- This discovery extends our understanding of ERAV’s persistence and chronic urinary shedding, which may help in the development of more effective ways to diagnose and treat this virus in the future.
Cite This Article
APA
Lynch SE, Gilkerson JR, Symes SJ, Huang JA, Hartley CA.
(2012).
Persistence and chronic urinary shedding of the aphthovirus equine rhinitis A virus.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 36(1), 95-103.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2012.10.003 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing / immunology
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Antibodies, Viral / immunology
- Aphthovirus / classification
- Aphthovirus / physiology
- Capsid Proteins / genetics
- Cell Line
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / physiology
- Horses / virology
- Male
- Mice
- Phylogeny
- Picornaviridae Infections / immunology
- Picornaviridae Infections / virology
- Viral Load
- Viremia / virology
- Virus Replication
- Virus Shedding
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Peng T, Yang F, Yang F, Cao W, Zheng H, Zhu Z. Structural diversity and biological role of the 5' untranslated regions of picornavirus.. RNA Biol 2023 Jan;20(1):548-562.
- Back H, Weld J, Walsh C, Cullinane A. Equine Rhinitis A Virus Infection in Thoroughbred Racehorses-A Putative Role in Poor Performance?. Viruses 2019 Oct 18;11(10).
- Rossi TM, Moore A, O'Sullivan TL, Greer AL. Equine Rhinitis A Virus Infection at a Standardbred Training Facility: Incidence, Clinical Signs, and Risk Factors for Clinical Disease.. Front Vet Sci 2019;6:71.
- Bażanów B, Frącka A, Jackulak N, Romuk E, Gębarowski T, Owczarek A, Stygar D. Viral, Serological, and Antioxidant Investigations of Equine Rhinitis A Virus in Serum and Nasal Swabs of Commercially Used Horses in Poland.. Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:8719281.
- Woo PC, Lau SK, Choi GK, Huang Y, Wernery R, Joseph S, Wong EY, Elizabeth SK, Patteril NA, Li T, Wernery U, Yuen KY. Equine rhinitis B viruses in horse fecal samples from the Middle East.. Virol J 2016 Jun 7;13:94.
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