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Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium and ceftiofur crystalline free acid in neonatal foals.
Abstract: Ceftiofur, a third generation cephalosporin, demonstrates in vitro efficacy against microorganisms isolated from septicemic neonatal foals. This pharmacokinetic study evaluated the intravenous and subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur sodium (5 mg/kg body weight; n = 6 per group) and subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid (6.6 mg/kg body weight; n = 6) in healthy foals. Plasma ceftiofur- and desfuroylceftiofur-related metabolite concentrations were measured using high performance liquid chromatography following drug administration. Mean (±SD) noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters for i.v. and s.c. ceftiofur sodium were: AUC(0→∝) (86.4 ± 8.5 and 91 ± 22 h·μg/mL for i.v. and s.c., respectively), terminal elimination half-life (5.82 ± 1.00 and 5.55 ± 0.81 h for i.v. and s.c., respectively), C(max(obs)) (13 ± 1.9 μg/mL s.c.), T(max(obs)) (0.75 ± 0.4 h for s.c.). Mean (± SD) noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters for s.c. ceftiofur crystalline free acid were: AUC(0→∝) (139.53 ± 22.63 h·μg/mL), terminal elimination half-life (39.7 ± 14.7), C(max(obs)) (2.52 ± 0.35 μg/mL) and t(max(obs)) (11.33 ± 1.63 h). No adverse effects attributed to drug administration were observed in any foal. Ceftiofur- and desfuroylceftiofur-related metabolites reached sufficient plasma concentrations to effectively treat common bacterial pathogens isolated from septicemic foals.
© 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Publication Date: 2010-11-18 PubMed ID: 21083666DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01252.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article discusses the results of a study that analyzed the behavior of the antibiotic ceftiofur in the bodies of young foals, in terms of its concentration over time following administration. The researchers found that both ceftiofur sodium and ceftiofur crystalline free acid, delivered via different methods, reached sufficient plasma concentrations to treat bacterial infections common in foals with blood poisoning.
Research Background
- This research stems from the need to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, or the way the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes a drug, of an antibiotic named ceftiofur in neonatal foals.
- Ceftiofur, a third-generation cephalosporin, shows efficiency against organisms associated with septicemia (blood poisoning) in new-born foals.
Research Methodology
- The research was conducted by administering ceftiofur sodium intravenously and subcutaneously at a rate of 5 mg/kg of body weight, while ceftiofur crystalline free acid was administered subcutaneously at 6.6 mg/kg of body weight.
- For both forms of the drug, the study design allowed the study to account for 6 healthy foals.
- The researchers then measured plasma concentrations of ceftiofur and its related metabolite, desfuroylceftiofur, using high performance liquid chromatography.
Research Findings
- The pharmacokinetic analysis showed how long and at what concentration the drug and its metabolites stayed in the foals’ bodies.
- There were no adverse effects observed from drug administration in any of the foals studied.
- The Study found that both forms of ceftiofur, and the metabolite desfuroylceftiofur, reached plasma concentrations that would effectively treat common types of bacterial infections found in septicemic foals.
Implications of the Research
- This research provides valuable data that may guide the use of ceftiofur in treating bacterial infections in neonatal foals, especially septicemia.
- The fact that no adverse effects were observed in any foal tested also supports the safety of this drug for this particular application.
Cite This Article
APA
Hall TL, Tell LA, Wetzlich SE, McCormick JD, Fowler LW, Pusterla N.
(2010).
Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium and ceftiofur crystalline free acid in neonatal foals.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 34(4), 403-409.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01252.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / blood
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics
- Cephalosporins / administration & dosage
- Cephalosporins / blood
- Cephalosporins / pharmacokinetics
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / veterinary
- Female
- Horses / metabolism
- Injections, Intravenous / veterinary
- Injections, Subcutaneous / veterinary
- Male
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Bookbinder LC, Mani R, Carr EA. Antibiograms of field and hospital acquired equine neonatal bacterial fluid cultures in the Midwestern United States: 149 samples (2007-2018). J Vet Intern Med 2023 May-Jun;37(3):1193-1200.
- Wang J, Schneider BK, Xue J, Sun P, Qiu J, Mochel JP, Cao X. Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Ceftiofur Sodium Using Non-linear Mixed-Effects in Healthy Beagle Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2019;6:363.
- Altan F, Uney K, Er A, Cetin G, Dik B, Yazar E, Elmas M. Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur in healthy and lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemic newborn calves treated with single and combined therapy. J Vet Med Sci 2017 Jul 19;79(7):1245-1252.
- Taverne FJ, van Geijlswijk IM, Heederik DJ, Wagenaar JA, Mouton JW. Modelling concentrations of antimicrobial drugs: comparative pharmacokinetics of cephalosporin antimicrobials and accuracy of allometric scaling in food-producing and companion animals. BMC Vet Res 2016 Sep 6;12(1):185.
- Salyards GW, Knych HK, Hill AE, Kelly KR, Christe KL. Pharmacokinetics of Ceftiofur Crystalline Free Acid in Male Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) after Subcutaneous Administration. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2015 Sep;54(5):557-63.
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