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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Pharmacol Ther / Pharmacokinetics of dipyrone in horses: A multi-dose, dose e...
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics2021; 44(6); 919-926; doi: 10.1111/jvp.12996

Pharmacokinetics of dipyrone in horses: A multi-dose, dose escalation study.

Abstract: Dipyrone is a non-opioid, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with antipyretic and analgesic properties commonly used in horses. Dipyrone is rapidly hydrolyzed to the primary active metabolite 4-methylaminoantipyrine (4-MAA). The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of 4-MAA following repeated and escalating doses of intravenously administered dipyrone. Twenty-six horses were randomly allocated to five treatment groups (one placebo group and four dipyrone groups [30 mg/kg q8h, 30 mg/kg q12h, 60 mg/kg q8h, and 90 mg/kg q12h]) and treated for nine consecutive days. Blood was collected at predetermined timepoints, and plasma was analyzed for 4-MAA concentrations with a validated LC/MS/MS method. Following a single dose, there was a linear correlation to the maximum concentration (C ) achieved. There was a disproportionate increase in the minimum concentration (C ) of 4-MAA with accumulation occurring at higher doses or more frequent dosing intervals. Significant differences were noted in 4-MAA C , half-life, and area under the curve during the dosing interval (AUC ) when dipyrone was administered at 30 mg/kg q12h versus q8h. Adverse effects attributed to drug administration were not noted.
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2021-07-06 PubMed ID: 34228836DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12996Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Clinical Trial
  • Phase I
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research focuses on understanding how the drug dipyrone, a non-opioid, anti-inflammatory commonly used in horses, is processed in the body (pharmacokinetics). Specifically, the study aimed at defining the behavior of dipyrone’s active metabolite, 4-methylaminoantipyrine (4-MAA), when different doses were given at varying frequencies.

Introduction and Methodology

  • The research involved a total of 26 horses, which were randomly divided into five groups; one was a placebo and the other four were treated with different dosages of dipyrone.
  • Dipyrone dosages ranged from 30mg/kg every eight hours to 90mg/kg every twelve hours. These treatments were administered consistently over nine days.
  • Samples of blood were collected at specific time intervals and analysed for 4-MAA concentrations using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method.

Findings

  • Results showed that a single dose of dipyrone resulted in a linear correlation to the maximum concentration (C) achieved for 4-MAA.
  • There was however an unproportional increase in the minimum concentration (C) of 4-MAA, showing a higher accumulation rate at higher doses or with increased frequency of administration.
  • Significant differences were also recorded in the half-life, maximum concentration (C) and area under the curve (AUC), during the dosage interval when dipyrone was administered at 30mg/kg every twelve hours versus every eight hours.
  • No noted adverse effects were attributed to the drug’s administration in any of the horses.

Implications of Study

  • The findings of this study provide insightful information for veterinarians in making informed decisions regarding dipyrone dosage in horses for treatment of pain, fever, and inflammation.
  • By understanding the pharmacokinetic profile of dipyrone, optimal drug dosages can be determined that control symptoms effectively while avoiding possible drug accumulation and its potential detrimental effects.

Cite This Article

APA
O'Banion MP, Sundman E, Edmonds M, Davis J. (2021). Pharmacokinetics of dipyrone in horses: A multi-dose, dose escalation study. J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 44(6), 919-926. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.12996

Publication

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
ISSN: 1365-2885
NlmUniqueID: 7910920
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 44
Issue: 6
Pages: 919-926

Researcher Affiliations

O'Banion, Melinda Poole
  • Kindred Biosciences Inc., Burlingame, California, USA.
Sundman, Emily
  • Kindred Biosciences Inc., Burlingame, California, USA.
Edmonds, Matt
  • Johnson Research, Parma, ID, USA.
Davis, Jennifer
  • Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Analgesics
  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
  • Chromatography, Liquid / veterinary
  • Dipyrone
  • Horses
  • Tandem Mass Spectrometry / veterinary

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Mercer MA, Davis JL, McKenzie HC. The Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Evaluation of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Adult Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023 May 10;13(10).
    doi: 10.3390/ani13101597pubmed: 37238029google scholar: lookup
  2. Andrade LPR, Dutra HT, Ferreira JA, da Silva JSQ, Bittar MQ, Queiroz PJB. Partial Phallectomy and Penile Retroversion as a Surgical Approach for Severe Preputial Laceration in a Donkey (Equus asinus). Case Rep Vet Med 2025;2025:9036471.
    doi: 10.1155/crve/9036471pubmed: 40697770google scholar: lookup
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