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Pharmacokinetics of intra-articular, intravenous, and intramuscular administration of triamcinolone acetonide and its effect on endogenous plasma hydrocortisone and cortisone concentrations in horses.
Abstract: To compare pharmacokinetics of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) following i.v., intra-articular (i.a.), and i.m. administration and determine its effect on plasma concentrations of hydrocortisone and cortisone. Methods: 6 Thoroughbreds. Methods: TA (0.04 mg/kg) was administered i.v., i.m., or i.a., and plasma TA, hydrocortisone, and cortisone concentrations were determined. Results: I.v. administration of TA was fitted to a 2-compartment model. Median distribution half-life was 0.50 hours (range, 0.24 to 0.67 hours); elimination half-life was 6.1 hours (range, 5.0 to 6.4 hours). Transfer half-life of TA from joint to plasma was 5.2 hours (range, 0.49 to 73 hours); elimination half-life was 23.8 hours (range, 18.9 to 32.2 hours). Maximum plasma concentration following i.a. administration was 2.0 ng/mL (range, 0.94 to 2.5 ng/mL), and was attained at 10 hours (range, 8 to 12 hours). Maximum plasma concentration following i.m. administration was 0.34 ng/mL (range, 0.20 to 0.48 ng/mL) and was attained at 13.0 hours (range, 12 to 16 hours); concentration was still quantifiable at 360 hours. Hydrocortisone plasma concentrations were significantly different from baseline within 0.75, 2, and 1 hours after i.v., i.a., and i.m. administration, respectively, and remained significantly different from baseline at 96 and 264 hours for i.v. and i.a. administration. Following i.m. administration of TA, plasma concentrations of hydrocortisone did not recover to baseline concentrations by 360 hours. Conclusions: Pharmacokinetics of TA and related changes in hydrocortisone were described following i.v., i.a., and i.m. administration. A single administration of TA has profound effects on secretion of endogenous hydrocortisone.
Publication Date: 2011-09-02 PubMed ID: 21879982DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.9.1234Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research compares the pharmacokinetics (the process by which a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized and eliminated by the body) of the drug triamcinolone acetonide (TA) when administered in horses through intravenous (i.v.), intra-articular (i.a.), and intramuscular (i.m.) methods. It also measures the drug’s effect on the levels of hydrocortisone and cortisone in a horse’s plasma.
Methods and Result
- The study involved 6 Thoroughbred horses. Each horse received a dose of TA (0.04 mg/kg) through either i.v., i.a., or i.m. administration.
- The researchers then determined the plasma concentrations of TA, hydrocortisone, and cortisone at various intervals.
- The average distribution half-life of TA when administered intravenously was 0.50 hours while the elimination half-life was 6.1 hours.
- When TA was administered intra-articularly, the drug took significantly longer to distribute (5.2 hours) and eliminate (23.8 hours) from the body.
- Maximum plasma concentration after i.a administration of TA was reached at 10 hours. In contrast, maximum concentration following i.m. administration was reached at 13.0 hours.
- In addition, the study revealed the levels of hydrocortisone in plasma differed significantly from baseline levels within 0.75, 2, and 1 hours respectively after i.v., i.a., and i.m. administration of TA.
Conclusions
- The study effectively described the pharmacokinetics of TA and the corresponding changes in hydrocortisone levels in horse plasma after i.v., i.a., and i.m. administration.
- It revealed that a single administration of TA had profound effects on the secretion of endogenous hydrocortisone. Specifically, plasma concentrations of hydrocortisone did not recover to baseline concentrations even after 360 hours following intramuscular administration of TA.
- This finding implies a considerate persistence and impact of TA on a horse’s physiology and provides a basis for understanding how and when this drug might be used in equine medicine and management.
Cite This Article
APA
Soma LR, Uboh CE, You Y, Guan F, Boston RC.
(2011).
Pharmacokinetics of intra-articular, intravenous, and intramuscular administration of triamcinolone acetonide and its effect on endogenous plasma hydrocortisone and cortisone concentrations in horses.
Am J Vet Res, 72(9), 1234-1242.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.72.9.1234 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA. soma@vet.upenn.edu
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents / administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents / blood
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacokinetics
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology
- Blood Glucose / analysis
- Cortisone / blood
- Female
- Glucocorticoids / administration & dosage
- Glucocorticoids / blood
- Glucocorticoids / pharmacokinetics
- Half-Life
- Horses / blood
- Hydrocortisone / blood
- Injections, Intra-Articular / veterinary
- Injections, Intramuscular / veterinary
- Injections, Intravenous / veterinary
- Male
- Triamcinolone Acetonide / administration & dosage
- Triamcinolone Acetonide / blood
- Triamcinolone Acetonide / pharmacokinetics
Citations
This article has been cited 11 times.- Shahinfar S, Maibach H. Enigma of Intramuscular Triamcinolone Acetonide (Kenalog(®)) Efficacy. Clin Pharmacokinet 2023 Sep;62(9):1189-1199.
- Zhao P, Qi Y. Development of a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the determination of triamcinolone acetonide in human plasma and evaluation of its bioequivalence after a single intramuscular injection in healthy volunteers. Front Pharmacol 2023;14:1223112.
- Wesdorp MA, Bastiaansen-Jenniskens YM, Capar S, Verhaar JAN, Narcisi R, Van Osch GJVM. Modulation of Inflamed Synovium Improves Migration of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Vitro Through Anti-Inflammatory Macrophages. Cartilage 2022 Jan-Mar;13(1):19476035221085136.
- Tou K, Cawley A, Bowen C, Sornalingam K, Fu S. Measurements of hydrocortisone and cortisone for longitudinal profiling of equine plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2022 May;14(5):943-952.
- Ekstrand C, Bondesson U, Giving E, Hedeland M, Ingvast-Larsson C, Jacobsen S, Löfgren M, Moen L, Rhodin M, Saetra T, Ranheim B. Disposition and effect of intra-articularly administered dexamethasone on lipopolysaccharide induced equine synovitis. Acta Vet Scand 2019 Jun 20;61(1):28.
- Hosack LW, Overstreet DJ, Lederman ES. In vitro susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes to simulated intrawound vancomycin concentrations. JSES Open Access 2017 Oct;1(3):125-128.
- Euppayo T, Siengdee P, Buddhachat K, Pradit W, Chomdej S, Ongchai S, Nganvongpanit K. In vitro effects of triamcinolone acetonide and in combination with hyaluronan on canine normal and spontaneous osteoarthritis articular cartilage. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016 Aug;52(7):723-35.
- Weber P, Asadikorayem M, Zhang S, Fercher D, Bevc K, Kauppinen S, Frondelius T, Zhang T, Fonti M, Barreto G, Finnilä MAJ, Zenobi-Wong M. Zwitterionic poly-carboxybetaine-dexamethasone conjugates do not alleviate cartilage degeneration and synovitis in the collagenase-induced osteoarthritis model in rats. Sci Rep 2025 Jul 1;15(1):20501.
- Page AE, Johnson M, Parker JL, Jacob O, Poston R, Adams AA, Adam EN. The Effects of Intra-Articular Triamcinolone and Autologous Protein Solution on Metabolic Parameters in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2024 Aug 2;14(15).
- Hallowell KL, Dembek K, Horne CR, Knych HK, Messenger KM, Schnabel LV. Systemic absorption of triamcinolone acetonide is increased from intrasynovial versus extrasynovial sites and induces hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1388470.
- Weber P, Asadikorayem M, Surman F, Zenobi-Wong M. Zwitterionic polymer-dexamethasone conjugates penetrate and protect cartilage from inflammation. Mater Today Bio 2024 Jun;26:101049.
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