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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Pharmacol Ther / Pharmacokinetics of magnesium and its effects on clinical va...
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics2020; 43(6); 577-590; doi: 10.1111/jvp.12883

Pharmacokinetics of magnesium and its effects on clinical variables following experimentally induced hypermagnesemia.

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to describe pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes as a result of a single intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate (MgSO ) to healthy horses. MgSO is a magnesium salt that has been used to calm horses in equestrian competition and is difficult to regulate because magnesium is an essential constituent of all mammals. Six healthy adult female horses were administered a single intravenous dose of MgSO at 60 mg/kg of body weight over 5 min. Blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected, and cardiovascular parameters were monitored and echocardiograms performed at predetermined times. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was applied to plasma concentrations of ionized magnesium (Mg ). Objective data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test with p < .05 used as a determination for significance. Plasma concentrations of Mg increased nearly fivefold, ionized calcium (Ca ) decreased by nearly 10%, and the Ca to Mg ratio declined more than 3.5-fold and remained different than baseline until 24 hr (p < .05). Significant changes were seen with urinary fractional excretion of electrolytes, cardiovascular parameters, and echocardiographic measurements. No changes were detected in CSF electrolyte concentrations. The decrease in Ca result of hypermagnesemia supports the interaction between these cations. Alterations detected in plasma electrolyte concentrations and urinary fractional excretion of electrolytes may serve as biomarkers for regulatory control for the nefarious administration of MgSO .
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2020-06-11 PubMed ID: 32525571DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12883Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates the physical and chemical impacts of intravenous magnesium sulfate on healthy horses, particularly how it alters physiological and cardiovascular characteristics.

Introduction and Objectives

  • The goal of this research was to examine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations caused by a single dosage of magnesium sulfate (MgSO) administered intravenously to healthy horses.
  • This enduring study is especially important for equine sporting where MgSO is used to calm horses but has challenging regulation since magnesium is a vital component for all mammals.

Methods

  • A single dosage of MgSO, equivalent to 60mg/kg of body weight, was given to six healthy adult female horses over a span of 5 minutes.
  • Researchers collected samples of blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). They also monitored cardiovascular parameters and performed echocardiograms at specific intervals.
  • Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was utilized to study plasma concentrations of ionized magnesium (Mg).
  • The team applied the Wilcoxon rank-sum test to analyze objective data, using p<.05 as the threshold for significance.

Results

  • Plasma concentrations of Mg saw a substantial increase – about fivefold – after administration.
  • Ionized calcium (Ca) in the plasma decreased by approximately 10%, and the ratio of Ca to Mg dropped over 3.5-fold, maintaining its difference from the baseline until 24 hours (p< .05).
  • Significant alterations were also observed in the urinary fractional discharge of electrolytes, cardiovascular parameters, and echocardiographic measurements.
  • No significant alterations were detected in CSF electrolyte concentrations.

Conclusions

  • The decrease in Ca as a result of increased levels of Mg verifies the interconnectedness of these two cations.
  • The modifications observed in plasma electrolyte concentrations and urinary fractional discharge of electrolytes could function as biomarkers for regulatory management to prevent the malicious administration of MgSO in equestrian competitions.

Cite This Article

APA
Schumacher SA, Toribio RE, Scansen B, Lakritz J, Bertone AL. (2020). Pharmacokinetics of magnesium and its effects on clinical variables following experimentally induced hypermagnesemia. J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 43(6), 577-590. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.12883

Publication

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
ISSN: 1365-2885
NlmUniqueID: 7910920
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 43
Issue: 6
Pages: 577-590

Researcher Affiliations

Schumacher, Stephen A
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Toribio, Ramiro E
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Scansen, Brian
  • College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Services, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Lakritz, Jeffrey
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Bertone, Alicia L
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Area Under Curve
  • Blood Glucose
  • Blood Urea Nitrogen
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Electrolytes / blood
  • Female
  • Half-Life
  • Horses / blood
  • Horses / metabolism
  • Magnesium / administration & dosage
  • Magnesium / blood
  • Magnesium / pharmacokinetics
  • Magnesium / urine
  • Magnesium Sulfate / administration & dosage
  • Magnesium Sulfate / blood
  • Magnesium Sulfate / metabolism

Grant Funding

  • United States Equestrian Federation
  • The Ohio State University

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Schumacher SA, Kamr AM, Lakritz J, Burns TA, Bertone AL, Toribio RE. Effects of intravenous magnesium sulfate on serum calcium-regulating hormones and plasma and urinary electrolytes in healthy horses. PLoS One 2021;16(6):e0247542.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247542pubmed: 34181644google scholar: lookup
  2. Etemadi F, Tabatabaei Naeini A, Aminlari M. Assessment of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D and PTH levels in sera of lame horses. Vet Med Sci 2023 Sep;9(5):2070-2077.
    doi: 10.1002/vms3.1198pubmed: 37466035google scholar: lookup
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