Pharmacokinetics of oral terbinafine in horses and Greyhound dogs.
Abstract: The objective of the study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of terbinafine administered orally to horses and Greyhound dogs. A secondary objective was to assess terbinafine metabolites. Six healthy horses and six healthy Greyhound dogs were included in the pharmacokinetic data. The targeted dose of terbinafine was 20 and 30 mg/kg for horses and dogs, respectively. Blood was collected at predetermined intervals for the quantification of terbinafine concentrations with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The half-life (geometric mean) was 8.1 and 8.6 h for horses and Greyhounds, respectively. The mean maximum plasma concentration was 0.31 and 4.01 μg/mL for horses and Greyhounds, respectively. The area under the curve (to infinity) was 1.793 h·μg/mL for horses and 17.253 h·μg/mL for Greyhounds. Adverse effects observed in one study horse included pawing at the ground, curling lips, head shaking, anxiety and circling, but these resolved spontaneously within 30 min of onset. No adverse effects were noted in the dogs. Ions consistent with carboxyterbinafine, n-desmethylterbinafine, hydroxyterbinafine and desmethylhydroxyterbinafine were identified in horse and Greyhound plasma after terbinafine administration. Further studies are needed assessing the safety and efficacy of terbinafine in horses and dogs.
© 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Publication Date: 2011-04-16 PubMed ID: 21492187PubMed Central: PMC3078771DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01213.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
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- N.I.H.
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- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article describes a study to determine the behavior of the drug terbinafine in horses and Greyhound dogs after oral administration, and also to identify terbinafine metabolites in these animals.
Study Design
- The study involved six healthy horses and six healthy Greyhound dogs. The researchers administered terbinafine orally to these animals at a target dose of 20 mg/kg for horses and 30 mg/kg for dogs.
- To track the behavior of the drug in the animals’ bodies, blood was collected at pre-decided intervals. The concentrations of terbinafine in the blood samples were estimated using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry – both standard laboratory techniques for detecting specific substances.
Findings
- The average half-life of terbinafine was found to be 8.1 hours in horses and 8.6 hours in greyhounds. The half-life of a drug essentially indicates how long it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated from the body; in this case, it takes around 8 hours for half of the terbinafine to be eliminated.
- The maximum concentration of terbinafine in the blood – which is a marker of how much of the drug is present in the body at peak levels – was lower in horses (0.31 μg/mL) compared to greyhounds (4.01 μg/mL).
- The ‘area under the curve’, another pharmacokinetic parameter that essentially provides a measure of the total drug exposure over time, was also lower in horses than in greyhounds.
Adverse Effects
- One horse displayed signs of discomfort or distress, including pawing at the ground, curling lips, head shaking, anxiety, and circling. However, these symptoms spontaneously resolved within 30 minutes without any intervention.
- No adverse effects were observed in the dogs.
Metabolites
- The study also found ions that were consistent with the presence of certain metabolites of terbinafine. These included carboxyterbinafine, n-desmethylterbinafine, hydroxyterbinafine, and desmethylhydroxyterbinafine.
- Detection of these metabolites indicates that terbinafine, once inside the body, is altered by metabolic processes. The details of how these metabolic pathways function in horses and dogs, however, would need more research.
Implications and Future Research
- The paper concludes by noting that further research is needed to assess the safety and efficacy of terbinafine in horses and dogs fully.
- The researchers also expressed the need for more studies to confirm the safety of terbinafine for these animals, and to optimize the dosage and administration regimen for therapeutic purposes.
Cite This Article
APA
Williams MM, Davis EG, KuKanich B.
(2011).
Pharmacokinetics of oral terbinafine in horses and Greyhound dogs.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 34(3), 232-237.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01213.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antifungal Agents / administration & dosage
- Antifungal Agents / metabolism
- Antifungal Agents / pharmacokinetics
- Dogs / metabolism
- Drug Administration Schedule / veterinary
- Female
- Horses / metabolism
- Male
- Naphthalenes / administration & dosage
- Naphthalenes / metabolism
- Naphthalenes / pharmacokinetics
- Tablets
- Terbinafine
Grant Funding
- T35 RR007064 / NCRR NIH HHS
- T35 RR007064-11 / NCRR NIH HHS
- 5T35RR007064-10 / NCRR NIH HHS
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Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Roix JJ, Harrison SD, Rainbolt EA, Meshaw KR, McMurry AS, Cheung P, Saha S. Systematic repurposing screening in xenograft models identifies approved drugs with novel anti-cancer activity. PLoS One 2014;9(8):e101708.
- Hardefeldt L, Thomas K, Page S, Norris J, Browning G, El Hage C, Stewart A, Gilkerson J, Muscatello G, Verwilghen D, van Galen G, Bauquier J, Cuming R, Reynolds B, Whittaker C, Wilkes E, Clulow J, Burden C, Begg L. Antimicrobial prescribing guidelines for horses in Australia. Aust Vet J 2025 Dec;103(12):781-889.
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