Pharmacokinetics of pentoxifylline and its 5-hydroxyhexyl metabolite after oral and intravenous administration of pentoxifylline to healthy adult horses.
Abstract: To determine serum pharmacokinetics of pentoxifylline and its 5-hydroxyhexyl metabolite in horses after administration of a single IV dose and after single and multiple oral doses. Methods: 8 healthy adult horses. Methods: A crossover study design was used with a washout period of 6 days between treatments. Treatments were IV administration of a single dose of pentoxifylline (8.5 mg/kg) and oral administration of generic sustained-release pentoxifylline (10 mg/kg, q 12 h, for 8 days). Blood samples were collected 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 20, 30, and 45 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours after IV administration. For oral administration, blood samples were collected 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after the first dose and 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the last dose. Results: Elimination of pentoxifylline was rapid after IV administration. After oral administration, pentoxifylline was rapidly absorbed and variably eliminated. Higher serum concentrations of pentoxifylline and apparent bioavailability were observed after oral administration of the first dose, compared with values after administration of the last dose on day 8 of treatment. Conclusions: In horses, oral administration of 10 mg of pentoxifylline/kg results in serum concentrations equivalent to those observed for therapeutic doses of pentoxifylline in humans. Twice daily administration appears to be appropriate. However, serum concentrations of pentoxifylline appear to decrease with repeated dosing; thus, practitioners may consider increasing the dosage if clinical response diminishes with repeated administration.
Publication Date: 2006-09-05 PubMed ID: 16948611DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.67.9.1621Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research studies how horses metabolize the drug pentoxifylline, both when it’s administered orally and injected intravenously. It specifically explores the consistency of the drug’s absorption and elimination.
Study Overview
- The study was conducted to explore the pharmacokinetics or bodily absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the drug pentoxifylline and its 5-hydroxyhexyl metabolite in healthy adult horses. The effects of both intravenous (IV) injection and oral intake were evaluated.
Methods
- The research followed a crossover study design, using eight healthy adult horses as subjects. There was a washout period of six days between treatments to avoid interference of effects.
- The two forms of administration studied were a single IV dose (8.5mg/kg) and a sustained-release oral variant of the drug (10 mg/kg every 12 hours for eight days).
- Multiple blood samples were collected at varying intervals after both the IV and oral administration to analyze how the drug and its metabolites were processed over time.
Results
- Pentoxifylline was found to be quickly eliminated from the horses’ bodies after IV injection. After oral administration, the drug was quickly absorbed but eliminated at varying rates.
- The oral administration led to higher serum concentrations of the drug and its apparent bioavailability after the first dose compared to the last on the eighth day of treatment. This suggests altered metabolism over time.
Conclusions
- The study concluded that administering 10mg of oral pentoxifylline per kg of weight in horses results in serum concentrations similar to therapeutic doses in humans. Therefore, twice-daily administration seems to be an appropriate regimen.
- However, the serum concentrations of pentoxifylline were observed to decrease with repeated doses. Therefore, an increase in dosage may be required if the clinical response lessens with repeated administration, indicating a potential for developing tolerance to the drug.
Cite This Article
APA
Liska DA, Akucewich LH, Marsella R, Maxwell LK, Barbara JE, Cole CA.
(2006).
Pharmacokinetics of pentoxifylline and its 5-hydroxyhexyl metabolite after oral and intravenous administration of pentoxifylline to healthy adult horses.
Am J Vet Res, 67(9), 1621-1627.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.67.9.1621 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / blood
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacokinetics
- Cross-Over Studies
- Delayed-Action Preparations / pharmacology
- Female
- Horses / blood
- Horses / metabolism
- Injections, Intravenous / veterinary
- Male
- Pentoxifylline / administration & dosage
- Pentoxifylline / blood
- Pentoxifylline / pharmacokinetics
- Random Allocation
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Sezik M, Köker A, Özmen Ö, Halıgür M, Kaşıkcı D, Aydoğan A, Özatik O. Antenatal pentoxifylline therapy to prevent endotoxin-induced fetal injury in the preterm goat model.. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2020 Dec;17(4):259-269.
- Uney K, Tras B, Corum O, Yildiz R, Maden M. Pharmacokinetics of pentoxifylline and its 5-hydroxyhexyl metabolite following intravenous administration in cattle.. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019 Feb;51(2):435-441.
- Shaw SD, Stämpfli H. Diagnosis and Treatment of Undifferentiated and Infectious Acute Diarrhea in the Adult Horse.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2018 Apr;34(1):39-53.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
