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Home / Equine Research Bank / Cytogenet Genome Res / Phylogeny of horse chromosome 5q in the genus Equus and cent...
Cytogenetic and genome research2009; 126(1-2); 165-172; doi: 10.1159/000245916

Phylogeny of horse chromosome 5q in the genus Equus and centromere repositioning.

Abstract: Horses, asses and zebras belong to the genus Equus and are the only extant species of the family Equidae in the order Perissodactyla. In a previous work we demonstrated that a key factor in the rapid karyotypic evolution of this genus was evolutionary centromere repositioning, that is, the shift of the centromeric function to a new position without alteration of the order of markers along the chromosome. In search of previously undiscovered evolutionarily new centromeres, we traced the phylogeny of horse chromosome 5, analyzing the order of BAC markers, derived from a horse genomic library, in 7 Equus species (E. caballus, E. hemionus onager, E. kiang, E. asinus, E. grevyi, E. burchelli and E. zebra hartmannae). This analysis showed that repositioned centromeres are present in E. asinus (domestic donkey, EAS) chromosome 16 and in E. burchelli (Burchell's zebra, EBU) chromosome 17, confirming that centromere repositioning is a strikingly frequent phenomenon in this genus. The observation that the neocentromeres in EAS16 and EBU17 are in the same chromosomal position suggests that they may derive from the same event and therefore, E. asinus and E. burchelli may be more closely related than previously proposed; alternatively, 2 centromere repositioning events, involving the same chromosomal region, may have occurred independently in different lineages, pointing to the possible existence of hot spots for neocentromere formation. Our comparative analysis also showed that, while E. caballus chromosome 5 seems to represent the ancestral configuration, centric fission followed by independent fusion events gave rise to 3 different submetacentric chromosomes in other Equus lineages.
(c) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Publication Date: 2009-12-09 PubMed ID: 20016166DOI: 10.1159/000245916Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research examines the evolution of horse chromosome 5 in the Equus genus, finding instances of changes in centromere positioning, suggesting a more complex evolutionary lineage than previously thought.

Objective and Background

  • The research investigates evolutionary centromere repositioning (the shift of the centromeric function to a new position without alteration of the order of markers along the chromosome) within horse chromosome 5 in various species of the Equus genus, including horses, asses, and zebras.
  • This follows the team’s prior study which discovered that evolutionary centromere repositioning has been a key factor in the rapid karyotypic (chromosomal) evolution of the Equus genus.

Methodology

  • The team used BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) markers from a horse genomic library to trace the phylogeny (the evolutionary history) of horse chromosome 5 across seven Equus species.
  • The species studied were: E. caballus (domestic horse), E. hemionus onager, E. kiang, E. asinus (domestic donkey), E. grevyi, E. burchelli (Burchell’s zebra), and E. zebra hartmannae.

Findings

  • The research found that repositioned centromeres are present in the chromosomes of both E. asinus (domestic donkey) and E. burchelli (Burchell’s zebra), reaffirming the frequent occurrence of centromere repositioning in this genus.
  • EAS16 and EBU17’s neocentromeres (newly formed centromeres) were found to be in the same chromosomal position. The researchers suggest this could mean that E. asinus and E. burchelli are more closely related than previously thought, or alternatively, that two centromere repositioning events occurred independently in these different lineages. The latter would imply that certain regions of the chromosome could be more susceptible to neocentromere formation.
  • The comparative analysis also demonstrated that while the E. caballus chromosome 5 may represent the ancestral configuration, instances of centric fission (a type of chromosomal aberration where a chromosome breaks apart), followed by independent fusion events, have produced three different submetacentric chromosomes in other Equus lineages.

Conclusions

  • The study further illuminates the complex karyotypic evolution of the Equus genus, highlighting the commonality of evolutionary centromere repositioning and suggesting the possibility of hot spots for neocentromere formation. It also raises questions about the closeness of evolutionarily related species within the Equus genus.

Cite This Article

APA
Piras FM, Nergadze SG, Poletto V, Cerutti F, Ryder OA, Leeb T, Raimondi E, Giulotto E. (2009). Phylogeny of horse chromosome 5q in the genus Equus and centromere repositioning. Cytogenet Genome Res, 126(1-2), 165-172. https://doi.org/10.1159/000245916

Publication

Cytogenetic and genome research
ISSN: 1424-859X
NlmUniqueID: 101142708
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 126
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 165-172

Researcher Affiliations

Piras, F M
  • Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia Adriano Buzzati-Traverso, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Nergadze, S G
    Poletto, V
      Cerutti, F
        Ryder, O A
          Leeb, T
            Raimondi, E
              Giulotto, E

                MeSH Terms

                • Animals
                • Centromere
                • Chromosome Mapping
                • Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial
                • DNA Probes
                • Horses / genetics
                • In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
                • Phylogeny

                Citations

                This article has been cited 18 times.
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                2. Cappelletti E, Piras FM, Sola L, Santagostino M, Abdelgadir WA, Raimondi E, Lescai F, Nergadze SG, Giulotto E. Robertsonian Fusion and Centromere Repositioning Contributed to the Formation of Satellite-free Centromeres During the Evolution of Zebras.. Mol Biol Evol 2022 Aug 3;39(8).
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                5. Li S, Zhao G, Han H, Li Y, Li J, Wang J, Cao G, Li X. Genome collinearity analysis illuminates the evolution of donkey chromosome 1 and horse chromosome 5 in perissodactyls: A comparative study.. BMC Genomics 2021 Sep 15;22(1):665.
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                6. Santagostino M, Piras FM, Cappelletti E, Del Giudice S, Semino O, Nergadze SG, Giulotto E. Insertion of Telomeric Repeats in the Human and Horse Genomes: An Evolutionary Perspective.. Int J Mol Sci 2020 Apr 18;21(8).
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                18. Piras FM, Nergadze SG, Magnani E, Bertoni L, Attolini C, Khoriauli L, Raimondi E, Giulotto E. Uncoupling of satellite DNA and centromeric function in the genus Equus.. PLoS Genet 2010 Feb 12;6(2):e1000845.
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