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Scientific reports2018; 8(1); 10347; doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28688-0

Physiological costs of infection: herpesvirus replication is linked to blood oxidative stress in equids.

Abstract: Viruses may have a dramatic impact on the health of their animal hosts. The patho-physiological mechanisms underlying viral infections in animals are, however, not well understood. It is increasingly recognized that oxidative stress may be a major physiological cost of viral infections. Here we compare three blood-based markers of oxidative status in herpes positive and negative individuals of the domestic horse (Equus ferus caballus) and of both captive and free-ranging Mongolian khulan (Equus hemionus hemionus) and plains zebra (Equus quagga). Herpes positive free-ranging animals had significantly more protein oxidative damage and lower glutathione peroxidase (antioxidant enzyme) than negative ones, providing correlative support for a link between oxidative stress and herpesvirus infection in free-living equids. Conversely, we found weak evidence for oxidative stress in herpes positive captive animals. Hence our work indicates that environment (captive versus free living) might affect the physiological response of equids to herpesvirus infection. The Mongolian khulan and the plains zebra are currently classified as near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Thus, understanding health impacts of pathogens on these species is critical to maintaining viable captive and wild populations.
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Publication Date: 2018-07-09 PubMed ID: 29985431PubMed Central: PMC6037783DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28688-0Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the link between herpesvirus infection and oxidative stress in the blood of domestic and wild horses as well as zebras. The results show a correlation between herpesvirus and increased oxidative stress levels in free-ranging animals but not necessarily in captive ones.

Research Background and Objectives

  • The study explores the physiological impacts of viral infections in equids – such as domestic horses (Equus ferus caballus), Mongolian khulan (Equus hemionus hemionus), and plains zebra (Equus quagga) – focusing on the relationship between herpesvirus infection and blood oxidative stress.
  • The goal of the paper is to improve understanding of viral infection mechanisms in animals, particularly how they may trigger oxidative stress – a physiological state that could have detrimental impacts on the well-being and fitness of the infected hosts.

Methods and Procedures

  • Three blood-based oxidative stress markers were analyzed in both herpesvirus positive and negative equids.
  • The study was conducted on both captive and free-ranging examples of the species in question.

Results and Findings

  • According to the analysis, herpesvirus-infection resulted in significantly greater protein oxidative damage and reduced levels of glutathione peroxidase (an antioxidant enzyme) in free-ranging animals.
  • This result establishes a correlation between increased oxidative stress and herpesvirus infection in wild equids.
  • However, this evidence was not as conclusive in cases of animals kept in captivity. The study suggests the animal’s environment (captive versus free living) may influence the physiological response to herpesvirus infection.

Significance of the Study

  • The physiological cost of the herpesvirus infection underlines the need for a comprehensive understanding of the health impacts of these viruses on fauna, particularly animals deemed near threatened according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, such as the Mongolian khulan and the plains zebra.
  • Such knowledge is paramount to the maintenance and survival of both captive and wild populations of these species.

Cite This Article

APA
Costantini D, Seeber PA, Soilemetzidou SE, Azab W, Bohner J, Buuveibaatar B, Czirják GÁ, East ML, Greunz EM, Kaczensky P, Lamglait B, Melzheimer J, Uiseb K, Ortega A, Osterrieder N, Sandgreen DM, Simon M, Walzer C, Greenwood AD. (2018). Physiological costs of infection: herpesvirus replication is linked to blood oxidative stress in equids. Sci Rep, 8(1), 10347. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28688-0

Publication

Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
NlmUniqueID: 101563288
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Pages: 10347
PII: 10347

Researcher Affiliations

Costantini, David
  • UMR 7221 CNRS/MNHN, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France. david.costantini@mnhn.fr.
  • Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, Scotland, UK. david.costantini@mnhn.fr.
  • Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium. david.costantini@mnhn.fr.
Seeber, Peter A
  • Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
Soilemetzidou, Sanatana-Eirini
  • Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
Azab, Walid
  • Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
Bohner, Julia
  • Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
Buuveibaatar, Bayarbaatar
  • Wildlife Conservation Society, Mongolia Program, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Czirják, Gábor Á
  • Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
East, Marion L
  • Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
Greunz, Eva Maria
  • Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Roskildevej 38, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
  • Parc Zoologique de Thoiry, Rue du Pavillon de Montreuil, 78770, Thoiry, France.
Kaczensky, Petra
  • Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Savoyenstrasse 1, A-1160, Vienna, Austria.
  • Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA, Sluppen, NO-7485, Trondheim, Norway.
Lamglait, Benjamin
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2N4, Canada.
  • Réserve Africaine de Sigean, 19 Chemin Hameau du Lac, RD 6009, 11130, Sigean, France.
Melzheimer, Jörg
  • Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
Uiseb, Kenneth
  • Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia.
Ortega, Alix
  • Réserve Africaine de Sigean, 19 Chemin Hameau du Lac, RD 6009, 11130, Sigean, France.
Osterrieder, Nikolaus
  • Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
Sandgreen, Ditte-Mari
  • Givskud Zoo, Løveparkvej 3, Givskud, 7323, Give, Denmark.
Simon, Marie
  • Parc Zoologique de Thoiry, Rue du Pavillon de Montreuil, 78770, Thoiry, France.
Walzer, Chris
  • Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Savoyenstrasse 1, A-1160, Vienna, Austria.
  • Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Blvd., 10460, Bronx, New York, USA.
Greenwood, Alex D
  • Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19, Berlin, 14163, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • DNA, Viral / genetics
  • DNA, Viral / metabolism
  • Equidae
  • Female
  • Glutathione Peroxidase / metabolism
  • Herpesviridae / genetics
  • Herpesviridae / isolation & purification
  • Herpesviridae / physiology
  • Herpesviridae Infections / pathology
  • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Herpesviridae Infections / virology
  • Horses
  • Least-Squares Analysis
  • Male
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Protein Carbonylation
  • Species Specificity
  • Virus Replication

Grant Funding

  • SAW-2015-IZW-1 440 / Leibniz-Gemeinschaft (Leibniz Association)
  • SAW-2015-IZW-1 440 / Leibniz-Gemeinschaft (Leibniz Association)

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Citations

This article has been cited 8 times.
  1. Kosaruk W, Brown JL, Towiboon P, Punyapornwithaya V, Pringproa K, Thitaram C. Measures of Oxidative Status Markers in Relation to Age, Sex, and Season in Sick and Healthy Captive Asian Elephants in Thailand. Animals (Basel) 2023 May 5;13(9).
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