Piperazine resistance in population-B equine strongyles: a study of selection in Thoroughbreds in Kentucky from 1966 through 1983.
Abstract: Observations were completed over an 18-year period (1966 through 1983) in Thoroughbred mares (15/year) and yearlings (11 to 24/year) on a farm where benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles had emerged previously (1962 to 1965). This farm was operated as a closed, nonboarding type, which included a racing stable for its home-bred foals. At 2-week intervals, counts of worm eggs per gram of feces (EPG) and larvae per gram of feces were done to monitor strongyle infections and efficacies of bimonthly (every 8 weeks) antiparasitic treatments that were administered by stomach tube or were fed (dichlorvos pellets) to 1 group of yearlings during a 7-year period (1970 through 1976). The study included several drugs or mixtures, including thiabendazole (TBZ), phenothiazine (PTZ) + piperazine (PPZ)-carbon disulfide (CS2) complex, PTZ + PPZ + trichlorfon (TCF), dichlorvos, and pyrantel pamoate. These were used selectively in treated subgroups (usually 3/year) of mares and yearlings. The horses in drug treatment subgroups grazed together on common pastures; thus, efficacy comparisons between drugs were limited or nullified. However, annual mean EPG and larvae per gram of feces counts of mares and yearlings tended to increase over time, and for the yearlings treated with TBZ + PPZ and PTZ + PPZ-CS2, the buildup of these mean counts was statistically significant (P less than 0.05 for regression coefficients).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Publication Date: 1988-07-01 PubMed ID: 3421545
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research study looks into the impact of piperazine resistance in a specific kind of horse parasite (equine strongyles) within a population of Thoroughbred horses in Kentucky. Data was collected over 18 years, revealing a trend of higher counts of worm eggs and larvae in the horse feces, suggesting increasing resistance to certain drugs.
Study Context and Methods
- The context for the research was a Thoroughbred horse farm which bred its own foals and had a history of benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles (a type of intestinal nematode) emerging from 1962 to 1965. This farm operates a closed, non-boarding system.
- The researchers monitored the strongyles infections in around 15 mares and 11 to 24 yearlings annually over an 18-year period (1966 to 1983).
- Every two weeks, they counted the number of worm eggs per gram of feces (EPG) and larvae per gram of feces. This was done to monitor the infections and effectiveness of the antiparasitic treatments given every eight weeks, either through stomach tube or food (dichlorvos pellets).
Experimentation and Results
- The research experiment involved different drugs including thiabendazole (TBZ), phenothiazine (PTZ) + piperazine (PPZ)-carbon disulfide (CS2) complex, PTZ + PPZ + trichlorfon (TCF), dichlorvos, and pyrantel pamoate. These were used selectively in different subgroup of horses (usually three each year).
- Despite different treatments in subgroups, the horses shared the same pasture which may limit or rule out efficacy comparisons between drugs.
- The annual average EPG and larvae counts in mares and yearlings suggested an increase over time, indicating drug resistance. For yearlings treated specifically with TBZ + PPZ and PTZ + PPZ-CS2, this increase was statistically significant (with P less than 0.05).
Study Implications
- The increase in EPG and larvae counts over the years points towards growing resistance to the treatment drugs by the equine strongyles.
- Resistance to antiparasitic drugs among horse parasites could potentially have health implications for horses and require a change in parasite management strategies.
Cite This Article
APA
Drudge JH, Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Lowry SR, Fallon EH.
(1988).
Piperazine resistance in population-B equine strongyles: a study of selection in Thoroughbreds in Kentucky from 1966 through 1983.
Am J Vet Res, 49(7), 986-994.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0099.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anthelmintics / therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Feces / parasitology
- Female
- Horses
- Kentucky
- Male
- Parasite Egg Count / veterinary
- Piperazine
- Piperazines / pharmacology
- Piperazines / therapeutic use
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / drug therapy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / parasitology
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / veterinary
- Strongyle Infections, Equine / drug therapy
- Strongyle Infections, Equine / parasitology
- Strongyloidea / drug effects
- Strongylus / drug effects
- Time Factors
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Attia MM, Soliman SM, Salaeh NMK, Salem HM, Alkafafy M, Saad AM, El-Saadony MT, El-Gameel SM. Evaluation of immune responses and oxidative stress in donkeys: Immunological studies provoked by Parascaris equorum infection. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022 Apr;29(4):2173-2179.
- Reinemeyer CR. Diagnosis and control of anthelmintic-resistant Parascaris equorum. Parasit Vectors 2009 Sep 25;2 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S8.
- Kopp SR, Coleman GT, McCarthy JS, Kotze AC. Phenotypic characterization of two Ancylostoma caninum isolates with different susceptibilities to the anthelmintic pyrantel. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008 Nov;52(11):3980-6.
- Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Collins SS. Study (1991 to 2001) of drug-resistant Population B small strongyles in critical tests in horses in Kentucky at the termination of a 40-year investigation. Parasitol Res 2007 Aug;101(3):689-701.
- Bjørn H, Sommer C, Schougård H, Henriksen SA, Nansen P. Resistance to benzimidazole anthelmintics in small strongyles (Cyathostominae) of horses in Denmark. Acta Vet Scand 1991;32(2):253-60.
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