Plasma and synovial fluid concentrations of gentamicin in horses after intra-articular administration of buffered and unbuffered gentamicin.
Abstract: The concentration of gentamicin in plasma and synovial fluid of normal adult horses was measured periodically for 24 hours after IV (2.2 mg/kg of body weight), intra-articular (IA; 150 mg), and simultaneous IV and IA administrations. Gentamicin also was buffered with sodium bicarbonate (3 mEq) and then was administered IA and simultaneously IV and IA. Synovial fluid specimens were obtained via an indwelling catheter placed into the antebrachiocarpal joint. The peak mean plasma gentamicin concentration (8.30 micrograms/ml) after IV administration was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than that (0.69 microgram/ml) after IA administration of gentamicin and that (0.55 microgram/ml) after administration of gentamicin buffered with sodium bicarbonate. Gentamicin concentration greater than a therapeutic concentration was not attained in the plasma after IA administration of buffered or unbuffered gentamicin. The peak mean synovial fluid concentration (1,828 micrograms/ml) after IA administration of unbuffered gentamicin was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than that (2.53 micrograms/ml) after IV administration and significantly (P less than 0.05) less than that (5,720 micrograms/ml) after simultaneous IV and IA administration. The peak mean synovial fluid concentration after IA administration of buffered gentamicin, with and without simultaneous IV administration (2,128 and 2,680 micrograms/ml, respectively), was not significantly different than that after IA treatment with unbuffered gentamicin. Mean synovial fluid concentration did not differ significantly between groups after IA administration of gentamicin in any combination at postinjection hours 8, 12, and 24, but remained significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than that at the same times after IV administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Publication Date: 1988-05-01 PubMed ID: 2840005
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study investigates the concentration levels of gentamicin, a type of antibiotic, in the blood and synovial fluid (the lubricating fluid in joints) of horses following different methods and variations of administration. It revealed that intra-articular administration, where the medicine is injected directly into the joint, resulted in higher concentration levels in the synovial fluid. Buffering the gentamicin with sodium bicarbonate made no significant difference.
Research Methodology
- The academic paper explores the distribution of gentamicin after it was administered to horses through both intravenous (IV) and intra-articular (IA) means.
- The concentrations of gentamicin in the horses’ plasma and synovial fluid were monitored over a 24-hour period post-administration to observe its distribution and absorption.
- Gentamicin was also buffered with sodium bicarbonate and given through the same methods to discern if this would influence concentration levels.
- The administration process was accomplished via an indwelling catheter placed into the antebrachiocarpal joint (located in the lower part of a horse’s forelimb).
Research Findings
- Results showed that after intravenous administration, the peak mean plasma gentamicin concentration was significantly higher than after intra-articular administration of gentamicin.
- However, the concentration of gentamicin was not enough to achieve a therapeutic value in plasma after intra-articular administration of buffered or unbuffered gentamicin.
- Furthermore, the peak mean synovial fluid concentration was significantly higher after intra-articular administration of unbuffered gentamicin compared to intravenous administration.
- Interestingly, when buffered gentamicin was given either with or without simultaneous intravenous administration, the resultant mean synovial fluid concentration was not significantly different than after treating with unbuffered gentamicin intra-articularly.
- In general, the author noted mean synovial fluid concentration remained consistently greater after intra-articular administration of gentamicin compared to intravenous administration at various intervals (post-injection hours 8, 12, and 24).
Conclusion
- The study implies that intra-articular administration of gentamicin usually results in a higher concentration within the synovial fluid, which could make it more effective in treating joint infections in horses.
- The effect of buffering the antibiotic with sodium bicarbonate seems to display no significant difference in its distribution.
Cite This Article
APA
Lloyd KC, Stover SM, Pascoe JR, Baggot JD, Kurpershoek C, Hietala S.
(1988).
Plasma and synovial fluid concentrations of gentamicin in horses after intra-articular administration of buffered and unbuffered gentamicin.
Am J Vet Res, 49(5), 644-649.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bicarbonates / pharmacology
- Buffers
- Carpus, Animal
- Female
- Gentamicins / administration & dosage
- Gentamicins / analysis
- Gentamicins / blood
- Gentamicins / pharmacokinetics
- Horses / metabolism
- Injections, Intra-Articular
- Injections, Intravenous
- Male
- Sodium / pharmacology
- Sodium Bicarbonate
- Synovial Fluid / analysis
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Pezzanite L, Chow L, Hendrickson D, Gustafson DL, Russell Moore A, Stoneback J, Griffenhagen GM, Piquini G, Phillips J, Lunghofer P, Dow S, Goodrich LR. Evaluation of Intra-Articular Amikacin Administration in an Equine Non-inflammatory Joint Model to Identify Effective Bactericidal Concentrations While Minimizing Cytotoxicity. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:676774.
- Pezzanite L, Chow L, Piquini G, Griffenhagen G, Ramirez D, Dow S, Goodrich L. Use of in vitro assays to identify antibiotics that are cytotoxic to normal equine chondrocytes and synovial cells. Equine Vet J 2021 May;53(3):579-589.
- Urish KL, DeMuth PW, Kwan BW, Craft DW, Ma D, Haider H, Tuan RS, Wood TK, Davis CM 3rd. Antibiotic-tolerant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Persists on Arthroplasty Materials. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2016 Jul;474(7):1649-56.
- Whiteside LA, Nayfeh TA, LaZear R, Roy ME. Reinfected revised TKA resolves with an aggressive protocol and antibiotic infusion. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2012 Jan;470(1):236-43.
- Whiteside LA, Peppers M, Nayfeh TA, Roy ME. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in TKA treated with revision and direct intra-articular antibiotic infusion. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011 Jan;469(1):26-33.
- Hardefeldt L, Thomas K, Page S, Norris J, Browning G, El Hage C, Stewart A, Gilkerson J, Muscatello G, Verwilghen D, van Galen G, Bauquier J, Cuming R, Reynolds B, Whittaker C, Wilkes E, Clulow J, Burden C, Begg L. Antimicrobial prescribing guidelines for horses in Australia. Aust Vet J 2025 Dec;103(12):781-889.
- Pritchett JW. Polyurethane: An Old Material for a New Generation of Antibiotic Spacer Implants. Arthroplast Today 2024 Oct;29:101409.
- Bruyninckx S, Metsemakers WJ, Depypere M, Henckaerts L, van den Hout E, Onsea J, Ghijselings S, Vles GF. Local antibiotic delivery via intra-articular catheter infusion for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection: a systematic review. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2024 Dec;144(12):5177-5189.
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