Plasma and urine nitric oxide concentrations in horses given below a low dose of endotoxin.
Abstract: To quantify plasma and urine nitric oxide (NO) concentrations before and after low-dose endotoxin infusion in horses. Methods: 11 healthy adult female horses. Procedure-Eight horses were given endotoxin (35 ng/kg of body weight,i.v.) over 30 minutes. Three sentinel horses received an equivalent volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution over the same time. Clinical signs of disease and hemodynamic variables were recorded, and urine and plasma samples were obtained to measure NO concentrations prior to endotoxin infusion (t = 0) and every hour until postinfusion hour (PIH) 6, then every 2 hours until PIH 24. Blood for hematologic and metabolic analyses and for serum cytokine bioassays were collected at 0 hour, every hour until PIH 6, every 2 hours through PIH 12, and finally, every 6 hours until PIH 24. Results: Differences in plasma NO concentrations across time were not apparent, but urine NO concentrations significantly decreased at 4 and 20 to 24 hours in endotoxin-treated horses. Also in endotoxin-treated horses, alterations in clinical signs of disease, and hemodynamic, metabolic, and hematologic variables were significant and characteristic of endotoxemia. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) concentrations were increased above baseline values from 1 to 8 hours and 1 to 2 hours, respectively. Conclusions: Plasma and urine NO concentrations did not increase in horses after administration of a low dose of endotoxin, despite induction of an inflammatory response, which was confirmed by increased TNF and IL-6 values characteristic alterations in clinical signs of disease, and hematologic, hemodynamic and metabolic variables.
Publication Date: 1999-08-18 PubMed ID: 10451207
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research evaluates the change in plasma and urine nitric oxide concentrations in horses given a low dose of endotoxin, noting how urinary concentrations decrease despite an inflammatory response, while plasma concentrations remain unchanged.
Study Design
- The research involved 11 healthy, adult female horses. Out of these, eight horses were given a low dose of endotoxin (35 ng/kg of body weight) intravenously over a period of 30 minutes.
- Three horses, referred to as the sentinel group, were given an equivalent volume of saline solution instead, acting as a control group.
- Various factors were recorded and monitored in both group of horses, such as signs of disease, hemodynamic variables (those associated with the flow of blood), and nitric oxide (NO) concentration in the plasma and urine.
- These measurements were taken before the endotoxin or saline was given (t=0), and then repeatedly at hourly or bi-hourly intervals up to 24 hours post-infusion.
Results
- In the group treated with endotoxin, there was no apparent change in plasma NO concentrations across the observed time period.
- However, there was a significant decrease in urine NO concentration 4 hours after endotoxin infusion, and again 20-24 hours after infusion.
- Other signs of endotoxemia, an illness resulting from endotoxins in the blood, were present in the treated group. This included observable clinical symptoms and abnormities in hemodynamic, metabolic, and hematologic (blood-related) variables.
- The study also noted increases in serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor concentrations within hours after endotoxin infusion, indicating the presence of an inflammatory response against endotoxin.
Conclusions
- The findings suggest that horses’ plasma and urine NO concentrations do not increase after infusion of a low dose of endotoxin.
- This is despite the evident induction of an inflammatory response, as signified by increased interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor levels, clinical symptoms, and alterations in hemodynamic, metabolic, and hematologic variables.
Cite This Article
APA
Bueno AC, Seahorn TL, Cornick-Seahorn J, Horohov DW, Moore RM.
(1999).
Plasma and urine nitric oxide concentrations in horses given below a low dose of endotoxin.
Am J Vet Res, 60(8), 969-976.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Gas Analysis / veterinary
- Blood Pressure
- Cytokines / blood
- Endotoxemia / immunology
- Endotoxemia / metabolism
- Endotoxemia / veterinary
- Endotoxins / administration & dosage
- Endotoxins / immunology
- Endotoxins / toxicity
- Escherichia coli Infections / immunology
- Escherichia coli Infections / metabolism
- Escherichia coli Infections / veterinary
- Female
- Fibrinogen / analysis
- Formazans / chemistry
- Heart Rate
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / metabolism
- Horses
- Interleukin-1 / blood
- Interleukin-6 / blood
- Luminescent Measurements
- Nitric Oxide / biosynthesis
- Nitric Oxide / blood
- Nitric Oxide / urine
- Tetrazolium Salts / chemistry
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / analysis
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Hubert JD, Seahorn TL, Klei TR, Hosgood G, Horohov DW, Moore RM. Clinical signs and hematologic, cytokine, and plasma nitric oxide alterations in response to Strongylus vulgaris infection in helminth-naïve ponies. Can J Vet Res 2004 Jul;68(3):193-200.
- Hubert JD, Seahorn TL, Klei TR, Hosgood G, Moore RM. Temporal effects of freezing on plasma nitric oxide concentrations in ponies. Can J Vet Res 2003 Jan;67(1):72-4.
- Lacerenza MD, Arantes JA, Reginato GM, Passarelli D, Balieiro JCC, Amaral AR, Vendramini THA, Brunetto MA, Dória RGS. Effects of β-Glucan Supplementation on LPS-Induced Endotoxemia in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2024 Jan 31;14(3).
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