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Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics2021; 44(4); 560-567; doi: 10.1111/jvp.12947

Plasma disposition of ceftazidime in healthy neonatal foals following intravenous and intramuscular administration.

Abstract: Cephalosporin antimicrobials can be utilized for the treatment of sepsis in neonatal foals, particularly when an aminoglycoside is contraindicated. Some cephalosporins, however, are not utilized because of cost, sporadic availability, or uncertainty about efficacy. The plasma disposition of ceftazidime, a third-generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria and minimal renal side effects has not been reported in neonatal foals. In this study, the plasma disposition of single intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) doses of ceftazidime in neonatal foals was determined. Six healthy one to two-day-old foals were given 25 mg/kg of ceftazidime by IV and IM routes in a cross-over design, with a 48-h washout period between doses. Non-compartmental analysis was used to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters. Median t was 2 h and median AUC was 364 µg h/ml for both IV and IM administration. Median C after IM administration was 101 µg/ml, with a median T of 0.7 h. Relative bioavailability of IM injection was 90%. There were no statistically significant differences between estimated IV and IM pharmacokinetic parameters. Plasma concentrations remained above the human CLSI susceptible breakpoint for Enterobacteriaceae for over 8 h following IV and IM administration.
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2021-01-29 PubMed ID: 33511670DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12947Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Veterinary

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study examines how the drug ceftazidime, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, is absorbed into the bloodstream of newborn foals when administered via intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) methods. The researchers found that the methods were similarly effective, with the drug remaining at therapeutic levels in the foals’ plasma for over eight hours in both cases.

Research Objectives

  • The study was conducted to understand the plasma disposition, or how a drug is absorbed and distributed in the bloodstream, of ceftazidime in neonatal foals.
  • Ceftazidime is a broad-spectrum third-generation cephalosporin, effective against a wide range of gram-negative bacteria, with minimal renal side effects.
  • This study is the first of its kind to report on this subject.

Methodology

  • This study involved six healthy foals that were between one and two days old.
  • Each foal was administered a single dose of ceftazidime, at 25mg/kg, via both IV and IM routes.
  • A cross-over design was used, meaning each foal received the drug by both methods, but with a 48-hour washout period in-between to ensure the drug from the first administration had cleared the foal’s system before the second administration.
  • The researchers then monitored the foals’ plasma ceftazidime levels and utilized non-compartmental analysis to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters—factors that describe how the body processes the drug, such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Findings

  • The median distribution time (t) was found to be 2 hours, and the median area under the curve (AUC), or total drug exposure over time, was 364 µg h/ml for both IV and IM methods.
  • The median concentration (C) after IM administration was 101 µg/ml, with a median time to reach peak levels (T) of 0.7 hours.
  • The relative bioavailability of ceftazidime when injected intramuscularly was 90%, indicating near-equal effectiveness of both methods of administration.
  • No statistically significant differences were found between the estimated pharmacokinetic parameters for IV and IM administrations.
  • Ceftazidime remained above the human Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) susceptible breakpoint for Enterobacteriaceae in the foals’ plasma for over eight hours following both IV and IM administration, indicating a therapeutic effect over this period.

Cite This Article

APA
McNeal CD, Ryan CA, Berghaus LJ, Credille BC, Lo CP, Fajt VR. (2021). Plasma disposition of ceftazidime in healthy neonatal foals following intravenous and intramuscular administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 44(4), 560-567. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.12947

Publication

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
ISSN: 1365-2885
NlmUniqueID: 7910920
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 44
Issue: 4
Pages: 560-567

Researcher Affiliations

McNeal, Christina D
  • Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Ryan, Clare A
  • Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Berghaus, Londa J
  • Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Credille, Brenton C
  • Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Lo, Chih-Ping
  • Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (TVMDL), College Station, TX, USA.
Fajt, Virginia R
  • Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Administration, Intravenous / veterinary
  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
  • Ceftazidime
  • Cephalosporins
  • Horses / blood
  • Injections, Intramuscular / veterinary

Grant Funding

  • 556761 / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Sorn R, Laut S, Klangkaew N, Phaochoosak N, Lebkowska-Wieruszewska B, Corum O, Uney K, Giorgi M, Poapolathep A, Poapolathep S. Comparative pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in Siamese crocodiles after intramuscular administration between forelimb and hindlimb. Vet Res Commun 2025 Nov 29;50(1):56.
    doi: 10.1007/s11259-025-11002-5pubmed: 41317248google scholar: lookup
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