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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J / Plasma lipidome of healthy and Rhodococcus equi-infected foa...
Equine veterinary journal2021; 54(1); 121-131; doi: 10.1111/evj.13422

Plasma lipidome of healthy and Rhodococcus equi-infected foals over time.

Abstract: Many foals that develop thoracic ultrasonographic lesions as a result of Rhodococcus equi infection heal on their own. However, most of these foals receive antimicrobials because foals at risk of developing clinical pneumonia cannot be identified. Untargeted lipidomics is useful to identify candidate biomarkers. Objective: (a) To describe the changes that occur in foal lipidomics as a result of ageing (birth to 8 weeks) and (b) To compare these results with those observed in foals after experimental infection with R. equi. Methods: Experimental study. Methods: Healthy newborn foals (n = 9) were challenged with R. equi intratracheally the first week of life. Foals were treated with antimicrobials if they developed clinical pneumonia (n = 4, "clinical group") or were closely monitored if they showed no signs of disease (n = 5 "subclinical group"). An unchallenged group (n = 4) was also included. All foals were free of disease (transtracheal wash fluid evaluation and culture as well as thoracic ultrasonography) by 8 weeks of life. Plasma lipidomics was determined by LC-MS weekly for the study duration (8 weeks). Results: Both ageing and experimental infection altered the foal's plasma lipidome as demonstrated by multivariate statistical analysis. The intensities of 31 lipids were altered by ageing and 12 by infection (P < .05). Furthermore, nine lipids changed by more than twofold between clinical and subclinical groups. Conclusions: The number of foals is limited. Foals were experimentally challenged with R. equi. Conclusions: Ageing and R. equi infection induced changes in the plasma lipidome of foals. These experimental results provide the background for future work in the discovery of earlier biomarkers of R. equi pneumonia. Early identification of foals at risk of developing clinical pneumonia is key in order to decrease antimicrobial use and development of antimicrobial resistance.
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Publication Date: 2021-02-10 PubMed ID: 33445210DOI: 10.1111/evj.13422Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses an investigation into the effects of ageing and Rhodococcus equi infection on the plasma lipid composition of foals and its potential as a predictor of risk for clinical pneumonia development.

Objectives and Methodology

  • The research carried out two main investigations: exploring the effect of aging on the plasma lipidome of foals from birth to eight weeks old, and comparing these results with foals that were experimentally infected with Rhodococcus equi.
  • The experimental study involved a controlled infection of Rhodococcus equi in nine healthy newborn foals via an intratracheal route within the first week of their life.
  • The foals were then further categorized into two groups; A “clinical group” which consisted of foals that developed clinical pneumonia and were given antimicrobials for treatment, and a “subclinical group” which showed no signs of disease and remained closely monitored. An additional group of four unaffected foals (“unchallenged group”) were also included as a control.
  • The health status of the foals was assessed using transtracheal wash fluid evaluation, culture and thoracic ultrasonography. All foals in the study were free of illness by the end of the eight-week study period.
  • Weekly assessment of each foal’s plasma lipidomics was carried out for eight weeks using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Findings and Conclusions

  • The results indicated that both ageing and the experimental Rhodococcus equi infection significantly affected the foals’ plasma lipidome. This was proven by multivariate statistical analysis.
  • The research revealed that the intensities of thirty-one lipids were modified by aging while twelve were altered by the infection. Moreover, significant differences with more than twofold change were observed in nine lipids between the clinical and subclinical groups of foals.
  • Though the number of foals included in the study was limited and the Rhodococcus equi infection was experimental, the research still offered valuable insights into the changes in the lipidome in foals, in relation to ageing and the Rhodococcus equi infection.
  • The study concluded that the observed changes in the plasma lipidome due to ageing and infection could lay a foundation for future work in identifying early biomarkers of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. The early identification of foals at risk of developing clinical pneumonia would be crucial in curbing the use of antimicrobials and eventually reducing instances of antimicrobial resistance.

Cite This Article

APA
Sanclemente JL, Rivera-Velez SM, Dasgupta N, Horohov DW, Wood PL, Sanz MG. (2021). Plasma lipidome of healthy and Rhodococcus equi-infected foals over time. Equine Vet J, 54(1), 121-131. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13422

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 54
Issue: 1
Pages: 121-131

Researcher Affiliations

Sanclemente, Jorge L
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Rivera-Velez, Sol Maiam
  • Molecular Determinants Core, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL, USA.
Dasgupta, Nairanjana
  • Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Horohov, David W
  • Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Wood, Paul L
  • Metabolomics Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA.
Sanz, Macarena G
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Actinomycetales Infections / drug therapy
  • Actinomycetales Infections / veterinary
  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Horse Diseases
  • Horses
  • Lipidomics
  • Rhodococcus equi

Grant Funding

  • Intramural funding, Department Veterinary Clinical Sciences, WSU

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Mönki J, Mykkänen A. Lipids in Equine Airway Inflammation: An Overview of Current Knowledge. Animals (Basel) 2024 Jun 18;14(12).
    doi: 10.3390/ani14121812pubmed: 38929431google scholar: lookup
  2. Mönki J, Holopainen M, Ruhanen H, Karikoski N, Käkelä R, Mykkänen A. Lipid species profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells of horses housed on two different bedding materials. Sci Rep 2023 Dec 8;13(1):21778.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-49032-1pubmed: 38066223google scholar: lookup
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