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Equine veterinary journal2022; 55(3); 456-462; doi: 10.1111/evj.13862

Plasma syndecan-1 concentration as a biomarker for endothelial glycocalyx degradation in septic adult horses.

Abstract: Limited information is available regarding endothelial glycocalyx degradation during sepsis in horses. Plasma syndecan-1 concentrations are increased in consequence of sepsis in other species and have been useful for prognostication. Objective: To determine whether plasma syndecan-1 levels are increased in adult horses affected with sepsis. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Adult horses were assigned to one of three groups based on results of physical and laboratory examinations, clinical diagnosis, and results of previously described SIRS classification: Group 1 horses included healthy, nonseptic horses; Group 2 included horses in which clinical illness was identified but that were not considered to be septic; Group 3 included horses with a clinical diagnosis of sepsis. Plasma syndecan-1 concentration was determined in blood obtained at admission into the hospital for each horse, using an equine specific ELISA. Data were analysed using ANOVA and linear regression (p ≤ 0.05). Results: One hundred and ninety-one horses were included and divided into three groups. Scores for SIRS were highest for Group 3 horses and lowest in Groups 1 and 2. Plasma syndecan-1 concentrations in Group 3 horses (50.73 ± 84.24 μg/ml; n = 42) were greater than those for Group 1 (15.69 ± 11.28 μg/ml; n = 66) and Group 2 (16.88 ± 15.30 μg/ml; n = 83). There was no difference regarding syndecan concentrations between Groups 1 and 2. Conclusions: Retrospective study design, solitary time point of measurement for each patient, and lack of a widely accepted consensus regarding definitive diagnosis of sepsis in adult horses. Conclusions: Circulating plasma levels of syndecan-1, a biochemical marker of endothelial glycocalyx damage, are increased in septic adult horses.
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Publication Date: 2022-08-05 PubMed ID: 35842924DOI: 10.1111/evj.13862Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research study explores the use of plasma syndecan-1 levels as an indicator of endothelial glycocalyx degradation in adult horses suffering from sepsis, finding that septic horses had significantly higher syndecan-1 concentrations than healthy or non-septic ill horses.

Study Objective and Methodology

The study aimed to confirm if plasma syndecan-1 levels rise in septic adult horses. This question was prompted by the observed increase in syndecan-1 concentrations in other species experiencing sepsis. Syndecan-1, when found in higher concentrations, is a known biomarker for endothelial glycocalyx degradation, a condition often associated with sepsis.

  • The researchers carried out a retrospective cohort study on adult horses.
  • The horses were classified into three groups based on physical and laboratory examinations, clinical diagnosis, and previously used SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) classifications.
  • Group 1 comprised healthy, non-septic horses; Group 2 included horses with identified clinical illness but non-septic; and Group 3 comprised horses with a clinical diagnosis of sepsis.
  • The concentration of plasma syndecan-1 in the blood of each horse (collected upon hospital admission) was measured using an equine-specific ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay).
  • The researchers then analysed the data using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and linear regression tools, with the significance level set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results

  • The study included 191 horses, who were divided into the three above-mentioned groups.
  • SIRS scores were highest for horses in Group 3 (septic horses) and lowest for horses in Groups 1 (healthy horses) and 2 (non-septic ill horses).
  • Plasma syndecan-1 concentrations were significantly higher in Group 3 horses than in Group 1 and Group 2 horses.
  • No significant difference was observed in syndecan-1 concentrations between Groups 1 and 2.

Conclusions and Limitations

  • The main conclusion of the study is that high circulating plasma levels of syndecan-1, a biochemical indicator of endothelial glycocalyx degradation, are associated with sepsis in adult horses.
  • However, this conclusion is limited by factors such as the study’s retrospective design, the single measurement point for each patient, and the absence of a widely accepted standard for definitively diagnosing sepsis in adult horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Hobbs KJ, Johnson PJ, Wiedmeyer CE, Schultz L, Foote CA. (2022). Plasma syndecan-1 concentration as a biomarker for endothelial glycocalyx degradation in septic adult horses. Equine Vet J, 55(3), 456-462. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13862

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 55
Issue: 3
Pages: 456-462

Researcher Affiliations

Hobbs, Kallie J
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Johnson, Philip J
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Wiedmeyer, Charles E
  • Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Schultz, Loren
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Foote, Christopher A
  • Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Syndecan-1 / metabolism
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Glycocalyx / metabolism
  • Sepsis / diagnosis
  • Sepsis / veterinary
  • Biomarkers
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / metabolism

Grant Funding

  • Animal Health project 1014406 / National Institute of Food and Agriculture

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Huang S, Li X, Dong R, Gao Y. The value of proportion of perfused vessels change rate in the evaluation of early organ function deterioration in septic shock and ARDS. Front Med (Lausanne) 2026;13:1733855.
    doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1733855pubmed: 41658616google scholar: lookup
  2. Gomez DE, Kamr A, Gilsenan WF, Burns TA, Mudge MC, Hostnik LD, Toribio RE. Endothelial glycocalyx degradation in critically ill foals. J Vet Intern Med 2024 Sep-Oct;38(5):2748-2757.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.17196pubmed: 39275920google scholar: lookup
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