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Scientific reports2019; 9(1); 4787; doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41305-y

Pollens destroy respiratory epithelial cell anchors and drive alphaherpesvirus infection.

Abstract: Pollens are well-known triggers of respiratory allergies and asthma. The pollen burden in today's ambient air is constantly increasing due to rising climate change and air pollution. How pollens interact with the respiratory mucosa remains largely unknown due to a lack of representative model systems. We here demonstrate how pollen proteases of Kentucky bluegrass, white birch and hazel selectively destroy integrity and anchorage of columnar respiratory epithelial cells, but not of basal cells, in both ex vivo respiratory mucosal explants and in vitro primary equine respiratory epithelial cells (EREC). In turn, this pollen protease-induced damage to respiratory epithelial cell anchorage resulted in increased infection by the host-specific and ancestral alphaherpesvirus equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV1). Pollen proteases of all three plant species were characterized by zymography and those of white birch were fully identified for the first time as serine proteases of the subtilase family and meiotic prophase aminopeptidase 1 using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Together, our findings demonstrate that pollen proteases selectively and irreversibly damage integrity and anchorage of columnar respiratory epithelial cells. In turn, alphaherpesviruses benefit from this partial loss-of-barrier function, resulting in increased infection of the respiratory epithelium.
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Publication Date: 2019-03-18 PubMed ID: 30886217PubMed Central: PMC6423322DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41305-yGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research highlights how pollen proteases from certain plants can harm the structure and security of columnar respiratory epithelial cells, which in turn makes these cells more susceptible to infection by specific types of viruses, such as the equine herpesvirus type 1.

Understanding the Research

This study is based on the understanding that pollen, which is known to trigger respiratory allergies and asthma, has effects that are not entirely known due to limited model systems. The researchers aim to elucidate these interactions, particularly focusing on how pollen proteases, which are types of enzymes that cut proteins, from Kentucky bluegrass, white birch, and hazel interact with respiratory mucosa, the moist membrane that lines the respiratory tract.

  • The researchers analyzed how these pollen proteases impact the integrity and anchorage (mechanical stability) of columnar respiratory epithelial cells and found that these are selectively damaged. Interestingly, basal cells, another type of cell in the respiratory system, were not impacted in the same way.
  • The study used both ex vivo (outside the body) respiratory mucosal explants and in vitro (in a petri dish) primary equine respiratory epithelial cells as their models, providing dual systems for analysis.
  • Significantly, this damage to the cell anchorage due to pollen protease led to increased susceptibility to and infection by the alphaherpesvirus equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV1).
  • The researchers identified the specific proteases from white birch for the first time using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, and found them to be serine proteases of the subtilase family and meiotic prophase aminopeptidase 1. This means they identified the exact types of enzymes that are causing the damage.
  • The findings showed that pollen proteases cause specific and irreversible damage to the integrity and anchorage of columnar respiratory epithelial cells, thereby allowing viruses, such as equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV1), to take advantage of this partial loss of the barrier function of these cells, resulting in heightened infection.

Implications of the Research

This study offers deep insights into how pollen, particularly increasing levels due to climate change and air pollution, can damage the body’s natural defenses and make it more susceptible to certain types of infections. The knowledge generated from this study could pave the way for new strategies to mitigate these effects, such as designing drugs to counteract the actions of these pollen proteases. Moreover, the findings could have broader relevance to other respiratory diseases and infections, given the key role of epithelial cell integrity and anchorage in protecting the body against pathogens.

Cite This Article

APA
Van Cleemput J, Poelaert KCK, Laval K, Impens F, Van den Broeck W, Gevaert K, Nauwynck HJ. (2019). Pollens destroy respiratory epithelial cell anchors and drive alphaherpesvirus infection. Sci Rep, 9(1), 4787. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41305-y

Publication

Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
NlmUniqueID: 101563288
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: 4787
PII: 4787

Researcher Affiliations

Van Cleemput, Jolien
  • Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
  • Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 119 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA.
Poelaert, Katrien C K
  • Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Laval, Kathlyn
  • Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 119 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA.
Impens, Francis
  • VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
  • VIB Proteomics Core, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
  • Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Van den Broeck, Wim
  • Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Gevaert, Kris
  • VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
  • Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Nauwynck, Hans J
  • Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium. hans.nauwynck@ugent.be.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Betula
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Corylus
  • Herpesviridae Infections / etiology
  • Herpesviridae Infections / metabolism
  • Herpesviridae Infections / virology
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / pathogenicity
  • Horses
  • Plant Proteins / metabolism
  • Poaceae
  • Pollen / enzymology
  • Pollen / toxicity
  • Respiratory Mucosa / metabolism
  • Respiratory Mucosa / pathology
  • Respiratory Mucosa / virology
  • Serine Proteases / metabolism

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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