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Equine herpesvirus 1 myeloencephalopathy.
Abstract: Myeloencephalopathy is an uncommon manifestation of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), but it can cause devastating losses during outbreaks on individual farms. Clinical signs of neurologic disease reflect a diffuse multifocal hemorrhagic myeloencephalopathy secondary to vasculitis and thrombosis. Sudden onset and early stabilization of signs, including ataxia, paresis, and urinary incontinence; involvement of multiple horses on the premises; and recent history of fever, abortion, or viral respiratory disease in the affected horse or herdmates are typical features, although there is considerable variation between outbreaks in epidemiologic and clinical findings. Prevention is difficult because many asymptomatic horses are infected latently with EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy and because vaccines do not confer protection against neurologic manifestations of infection. This article reviews the pathogenesis, pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy and discusses prevention and control of equine herpesviral infections in the context of their epidemiology.
Publication Date: 1997-04-01 PubMed ID: 9106343DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30255-9Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Review
- Clinical Findings
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Signs
- Clinical Symptoms
- Diagnosis
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Disease Management
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Prevention
- Disease Surveillance
- Disease Transmission
- Disease Treatment
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Equine Herpesvirus
- Horses
- Infection
- Infectious Disease
- Neurological Diseases
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research paper essentially covers the clinical characteristics, causes, prevention, and treatment of an uncommon stat of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) myeloencephalopathy, an illness that can massively affect horse farms during outbreaks.
Pathogenesis and Pathology
- The paper discusses the cause of EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy, which is primarily due to a complication related to equine herpesvirus 1. The disease is marked by diffuse multifocal hemorrhagic myeloencephalopathy, a condition that is largely the result of vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels) and thrombosis (the formation of a blood clot).
Clinical Manifestations
- In terms of clinical manifestations, the research identifies that different horses may exhibit varying signs, including sudden onset and early stabilization of signs such as ataxia (a lack of muscle control), paresis (muscle weakness), and urinary incontinence. It also mentions that multiple horses on the same premises may be affected.
- The paper also points out that there is often a recent history of fever, abortion, or viral respiratory disease in the affected horse or its herdmates. However, there is considerable variation between outbreaks in epidemiologic and clinical findings.
Prevention and Control
- The paper notes that prevention is difficult because many horses which do not show symptoms are latently infected with EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy. It further compounds the problem by adding that vaccines do not confer protection against the neurological signs of the infection.
- Elements of prevention and control are discussed, particularly in relation to the epidemiology of equine herpesviral infections. This points to consideration for monitoring and control strategies on a more systemic and broader scale regarding equine management.
Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis and treatment of the disease are reviewed with a focus on the unique characteristics of EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy. The overall exploration within this section can provide significant insights for veterinary professionals and equine caretakers in dealing effectively with this type of condition in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Wilson WD.
(1997).
Equine herpesvirus 1 myeloencephalopathy.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 13(1), 53-72.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30255-9 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / standards
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Viral / immunology
- Female
- Herpesviridae Infections / etiology
- Herpesviridae Infections / therapy
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / etiology
- Horse Diseases / therapy
- Horses
- Male
- Nervous System Diseases / etiology
- Nervous System Diseases / therapy
- Nervous System Diseases / veterinary
- Prognosis
- Viral Vaccines
Citations
This article has been cited 18 times.- Anderson C, Baha H, Boghdeh N, Barrera M, Alem F, Narayanan A. Interactions of Equine Viruses with the Host Kinase Machinery and Implications for One Health and Human Disease.. Viruses 2023 May 13;15(5).
- Van Crombrugge E, Vanbeylen E, Van Cleemput J, Van den Broeck W, Laval K, Nauwynck H. Bacterial Toxins from Staphylococcus aureus and Bordetella bronchiseptica Predispose the Horse's Respiratory Tract to Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Infection.. Viruses 2022 Jan 14;14(1).
- Laval K, Poelaert KCK, Van Cleemput J, Zhao J, Vandekerckhove AP, Gryspeerdt AC, Garru00e9 B, van der Meulen K, Baghi HB, Dubale HN, Zarak I, Van Crombrugge E, Nauwynck HJ. The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1.. Front Microbiol 2021;12:662686.
- Kamel M, Pavulraj S, Fauler B, Mielke T, Azab W. Equid Herpesvirus-1 Exploits the Extracellular Matrix of Mononuclear Cells to Ensure Transport to Target Cells.. iScience 2020 Oct 23;23(10):101615.
- Jerele S, Davis E, Mapes S, Pusterla N, Navas Gonzu00e1lez FJ, Iglesias Pastrana C, Abdelfattah EM, McLean A. Survey of Serum Amyloid A and Bacterial and Viral Frequency Using qPCR Levels in Recently Captured Feral Donkeys from Death Valley National Park (California).. Animals (Basel) 2020 Jun 23;10(6).
- Oladunni FS, Horohov DW, Chambers TM. EHV-1: A Constant Threat to the Horse Industry.. Front Microbiol 2019;10:2668.
- Kamel M, Pavulraj S, Osterrieder K, Azab W. EHV-1 Pathogenesis: Current in vitro Models and Future Perspectives.. Front Vet Sci 2019;6:251.
- Holz CL, Sledge DG, Kiupel M, Nelli RK, Goehring LS, Soboll Hussey G. Histopathologic Findings Following Experimental Equine Herpesvirus 1 Infection of Horses.. Front Vet Sci 2019;6:59.
- Van Cleemput J, Poelaert KCK, Laval K, Impens F, Van den Broeck W, Gevaert K, Nauwynck HJ. Pollens destroy respiratory epithelial cell anchors and drive alphaherpesvirus infection.. Sci Rep 2019 Mar 18;9(1):4787.
- Shakya AK, O'Callaghan DJ, Kim SK. Comparative Genomic Sequencing and Pathogenic Properties of Equine Herpesvirus 1 KyA and RacL11.. Front Vet Sci 2017;4:211.
- Laval K, Favoreel HW, Poelaert KC, Van Cleemput J, Nauwynck HJ. Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Enhances Viral Replication in CD172a+ Monocytic Cells upon Adhesion to Endothelial Cells.. J Virol 2015 Nov;89(21):10912-23.
- Azab W, Osterrieder N. Glycoproteins D of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and EHV-4 determine cellular tropism independently of integrins.. J Virol 2012 Feb;86(4):2031-44.
- Heerkens TM. Equine herpesvirus-1, non-neurogenic pathotype, in a 9-year-old American Saddlebred with neurological signs.. Can Vet J 2009 Mar;50(3):297-300.
- Van de Walle GR, Peters ST, VanderVen BC, O'Callaghan DJ, Osterrieder N. Equine herpesvirus 1 entry via endocytosis is facilitated by alphaV integrins and an RSD motif in glycoprotein D.. J Virol 2008 Dec;82(23):11859-68.
- Goodman LB, Loregian A, Perkins GA, Nugent J, Buckles EL, Mercorelli B, Kydd JH, Palu00f9 G, Smith KC, Osterrieder N, Davis-Poynter N. A point mutation in a herpesvirus polymerase determines neuropathogenicity.. PLoS Pathog 2007 Nov;3(11):e160.
- Nugent J, Birch-Machin I, Smith KC, Mumford JA, Swann Z, Newton JR, Bowden RJ, Allen GP, Davis-Poynter N. Analysis of equid herpesvirus 1 strain variation reveals a point mutation of the DNA polymerase strongly associated with neuropathogenic versus nonneuropathogenic disease outbreaks.. J Virol 2006 Apr;80(8):4047-60.
- Frampton AR Jr, Smith PM, Zhang Y, Grafton WD, Matsumura T, Osterrieder N, O'Callaghan DJ. Meningoencephalitis in mice infected with an equine herpesvirus 1 strain KyA recombinant expressing glycoprotein I and glycoprotein E.. Virus Genes 2004 Aug;29(1):9-17.
- Olsen TF. Equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy in a 14-year-old quarter horse stallion.. Can Vet J 2001 Mar;42(3):217-20.
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