Polymorphisms of the equine major histocompatibility complex class II DRA locus.
Abstract: The full extent of the polymorphism of ELA-DRA in Equidae is not yet known. Given the apparent differences in DRA polymorphisms between Equidae and other species, the aims of this study were to more fully characterize ELA-DRA, determine the extent of gene polymorphism and establish the allele-frequency distribution. An allele reference panel for the second exon of ELA-DRA was established by sequence-based typing of 69 equine DNA samples consisting of various breeds of domestic horse (Equus caballus), together with donkeys (Equus asinus), Grant's zebras (Equus boehmi) and one onager (Equus hemionus). Five of the six previously reported alleles detected using single-strand conformation polymorphism were found: ELA-DRA*0101, ELA-DRA*0201, ELA-DRA*0301, ELA-DRA*0501 (Albright-Fraser DG et al. Polymorphism of DRA among equids. Immunogenetics 1996: 43: 315-7) and ELA-DRA*0601 (GenBank accession number AF5419361). In addition to the previously reported alleles, five novel ELA-DRA alleles were detected within the ELA-DRA allele reference panel. One of these was identified in E. caballus (ELA-DRA*JBH11), one in E. boehmi and E. hemionus (ELA-DRA*JBZ185) and three in E. asinus (ELA-DRA*JBD3, ELA-DRA*JBD17 and ELA-DRA*JBH45). A total of 565 equine DNA samples were screened using reference-strand-mediated conformation analysis, a double-stranded conformation-based mutation detection system that can be used to type existing ELA-DRA alleles and identify new variants. Based on our findings, at least 11 ELA-DRA alleles are now known to exist, and this level of polymorphism at the DRA locus appears to be unique to the genus Equus. Both the previously reported alleles and the new alleles displayed a species-specific distribution.
Publication Date: 2004-07-13 PubMed ID: 15245372DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2004.00269.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research investigates the genetic variability or polymorphism of ELA-DRA, a part of the major histocompatibility complex class II in equines. The study was able to identify at least 11 ELA-DRA alleles, which indicates a unique level of polymorphism for this locus within the Equus genus.
Objective and Method
- The study aimed to fully identify and characterize the ELA-DRA, a part of the major histocompatibility complex class II in equines, and understand its polymorphism and allele frequency distribution.
- In order to achieve this, DNA samples from 69 different horses of various breeds, donkeys, Grant’s zebras, and an onager were analyzed using sequence-based typing.
- A reference panel for the second exon of ELA-DRA in these samples was established to discover and document the various alleles.
- A mutation detection system known as reference-strand-mediated conformation analysis was also used to detect and type existing alleles. This system can identify both existing and new variants.
Findings
- All but one of the previously reported six ELA-DRA alleles were detected in this research.
- Apart from those previously known, five novel ELA-DRA alleles were discovered.
- Overall, a total of 11 known ELA-DRA alleles were identified.
- The unique level of polymorphism at the DRA locus, as shown by the identification of these eleven alleles, seems to be exclusive to the Equus genus.
- Both old and newly discovered alleles showed species-specific distribution.
Implication
- The identification and understanding of these various ELA-DRA alleles help further knowledge about the genetic diversity among the Equus genus.
- This level of gene polymorphism could also provide crucial insights into the immune response mechanism and potential disease susceptibilities in these animals.
Cite This Article
APA
Brown JJ, Thomson W, Clegg P, Eyre S, Kennedy LJ, Matthews J, Carter S, Ollier WE.
(2004).
Polymorphisms of the equine major histocompatibility complex class II DRA locus.
Tissue Antigens, 64(2), 173-179.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.2004.00269.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Liverpool, South Wirral, UK. jason.brown@man.ac.uk
MeSH Terms
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Equidae / genetics
- Fluorescence
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Sequence Alignment
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Dearborn DC, Warren S, Hailer F. Meta-analysis of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIA reveals polymorphism and positive selection in many vertebrate species.. Mol Ecol 2022 Dec;31(24):6390-6406.
- Viļuma A, Mikko S, Hahn D, Skow L, Andersson G, Bergström TF. Genomic structure of the horse major histocompatibility complex class II region resolved using PacBio long-read sequencing technology.. Sci Rep 2017 Mar 31;7:45518.
- Miller D, Tallmadge RL, Binns M, Zhu B, Mohamoud YA, Ahmed A, Brooks SA, Antczak DF. Polymorphism at expressed DQ and DR loci in five common equine MHC haplotypes.. Immunogenetics 2017 Mar;69(3):145-156.
- Andersson LS, Swinburne JE, Meadows JR, Broström H, Eriksson S, Fikse WF, Frey R, Sundquist M, Tseng CT, Mikko S, Lindgren G. The same ELA class II risk factors confer equine insect bite hypersensitivity in two distinct populations.. Immunogenetics 2012 Mar;64(3):201-8.
- Kamath PL, Getz WM. Adaptive molecular evolution of the Major Histocompatibility Complex genes, DRA and DQA, in the genus Equus.. BMC Evol Biol 2011 May 18;11:128.
- Janova E, Matiasovic J, Vahala J, Vodicka R, Van Dyk E, Horin P. Polymorphism and selection in the major histocompatibility complex DRA and DQA genes in the family Equidae.. Immunogenetics 2009 Jul;61(7):513-27.
- Lenz TL, Eizaguirre C, Becker S, Reusch TB. RSCA genotyping of MHC for high-throughput evolutionary studies in the model organism three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus.. BMC Evol Biol 2009 Mar 16;9:57.
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